What are Germany and Japan doing differently in their energy and climate policies, compared with the US, and how has this affected their mix of energy sources used?

What are Germany and Japan doing differently in their energy and climate policies, compared with the US, and how has this affected their mix of energy sources used?
Do you believe Germany and Japan should be working toward a common objective of energy transition away from fossil fuels? Why or why not?

Background information
The advanced industrial states vary greatly in their energy use and greenhouse gas emission profiles. They also vary in government policies and energy company commitments to altering course on consumption of fossil fuels. Some advanced states have embraced a goal of less fossil fuels in their electrical generation and transportation sectors, while others are less interested in this goal and instead seek to maintain the existing energy systems by simply bringing new fossil fuel supplies on line to keep up with demand (e.g., Canadian oil sands for gasoline). Japan and Germany are advanced industrial states with legacies of being fully entrenched in the US-led system with a heavy emphasis on oil as the primary fuel. In each American ally’s case, recent governmental decisions and corporate commitments have altered each nation’s energy mix and course.