One of the important concepts from the Nuremberg Code is that of ____, which means that the subject understands the scope of the study and can make an informed decision to participate

One of the important concepts from the Nuremberg Code is that of ____, which means that the subject understands the scope of the study and can make an informed decision to participate

Question 1

Social epidemiology studies ____.

the effect of the environment on human health

the effect of community socioeconomic factors on health

lifestyle factors that may be associated with disease status

diseases that are acute and contagious

Question 2

One of the important concepts from the Nuremberg Code is that of ____, which means that the subject understands the scope of the study and can make an informed decision to participate.

informed consent

voluntary consent

beneficence

primary agent

Question 3

The first step in any epidemiological investigation is to ____.

understand causation

establish risk factors

track trends and determine if particular diseases are increasing or decreasing in the population

describe the population demographically by age, race, sex, education, and other relevant indicators

Question 4

While Austin Bradford Hill is well-known for his work in developing guidelines for establishing causality for studies of non-infectious diseases, his other contributions to the field of epidemiology and ____ are remarkable.

psychology

statistics

sociology

mathematics

Question 5

The modern epidemiologic triangle includes groups of populations, causative factors, and ____.

alternate explanations

risk factors

results

coherence

Question 6

The time between infection and clinical disease is referred to as a(n) ____.

a plausible period

temporal period

incubation period

latency period

Question 7

A table in epidemiology that arranges numbers to allow the comparison of exposure and outcome is called a ____ table.

proportion

contingency

specific

crude

Question 8

Prevalence equals ____.

incidence times duration of disease

incidence divided by duration of disease

incidence plus duration of disease

incidence divided by duration of disease times 100

Question 9

A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is known as a ____.

person time

case

suspect case

proportion

Question 10

The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the United States.

22; 1.1

35; 10

66; 11

50; 22

Question 11

____ is the transmission of a disease from person to person, and may be directly from one person to another, or indirectly from one person through an intermediate item to another person.

Horizontal transmission

Vertical transmission

Quick transmission

Polar transmission

Question 12

____ is the transmission of a disease from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery.

Horizontal transmission

Vertical transmission

Lateral transmission

Polar transmission

Question 13

During 2008, the most recent year for which data are finalized, ____ food-borne disease outbreaks were reported.

340

1,034

2,340

10,300

Question 14

In a propagated epidemic with person to person transmission, control measures may include ____.

isolating the elderly from the young

treating the carriers and vaccinating the population at risk

developing an evacuation strategy

hiring more emergency doctors

Question 15

One of the most common errors in an outbreak investigation is the failure to ____.

utilize a strict case definition

call the WHO

accurately count cases

vaccinate the population

Question 16

Which first generation vaccine was introduced in 1935?

Rabies vaccine

Yellow Fever vaccine

Pertussis vaccine

Smallpox vaccine

Question 17

Which vaccine is linked to the greatest number of deaths each year?

DPT

MMR

hepatitis A

HIB

Question 18

Anthrax is caused by ____.

Bacillus anthracis

Bacillus hemolith

Anthracis virus

Anthracis fungi

Question 19

In 1988, research indicated that high levels of ____ cholesterol reduces the risk of death from cardiovascular disease.

PDL

LDL

fatty

HDL

Question 20

In 1970, cardiovascular research indicated that high blood pressure (hypertension) increased the risk of ____.

migraine headache

obesity

stroke

heart attack

Question 21

CVD is the leading cause of death in the United States for all but one ethnic group. Which one?

Whites

African Americans

Native Americans

Asian Americans

Question 22

The non-melanomatous are the ____ type of skin cancers.

most deadly

only

more benign

rarest

Question 23

Cancer in the ____ is the second most common cancer when considering men and women combined.

lung and bronchus

brain

colorectal

liver

Question 24

In what year did the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute establish The Cancer Genome Atlas?

1999

2001

2005

2008

Question 25

Where is the incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus highest?

Venezuela .

Italy

U.S

Finland

Question 26

Metabolic syndrome is also known as ____.

insulin abundance syndrome

Syndrome X

Type 2 diabetes

CVD Syndrome

Question 27

Diabetes mellitus was the ____ leading cause of death in the United States in 2007.

second

fourth

seventh

tenth

Question 28

Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by ____ transmitted through contaminated water or food.

a parasite

fungus

a virus

bacteria

Question 29

Overall, what effect have MPOWER policy interventions had on tobacco use in the developing countries that have implemented them?

slightly reduced

significantly reduced

had no effect

slightly increased

Question 30

New HIV infections have declined by ____ globally from 2001–2009.

1%

5%

10%

17%