Jupiter orbits the Sun at an average distance of 5.203 AU. Part A – What is the length of its year in Earth years? Answer to two decimal places.

Jupiter orbits the Sun at an average distance of 5.203 AU.
Part A – What is the length of its year in Earth years? Answer to two decimal places.
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Motion of Mars
Mars’s orbit is rather eccentric.
Part A – Does Mars move at a higher speed when it is farther away from the Sun or closer to it? Explain.
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Kepler’s 3rd Law
Part A – All of the following statements are true. Which one can be explained by Kepler’s third law?
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Tycho Brahe
Part A – The great contribution of Tycho Brahe was to
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Mars moves faster in its orbit when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther from the Sun.
All the planets orbit the Sun in nearly the same plane.
Earth is slightly closer to the Sun in January than in July.
Venus orbits the Sun at a faster orbital speed than Earth.
The Sun is not in the precise center of Saturn’s orbit.
The Greeks
Part A – The ancient Greeks get a lot of attention for their contributions to science because
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Ellipses
Part A – Which of the following statements about an ellipse is NOT true?
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Eccentricities
Part A – When we say that a planet has a highly eccentric orbit, we mean that:
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Eris
possess a metal nose
discover four moons orbiting Jupiter, thereby lending strong support to the idea that Earth is not the center of the universe
offer the first detailed model of a Sun-centered solar system, thereby beginning the process of overturning the Earth-centered model of the Greeks
observe planetary positions with sufficient accuracy so that Kepler could later use the data to discover the laws of planetary motion
discover that planets orbit the Sun in elliptical orbits with varying speed
they were the first people to realize that Earth is a planet orbiting the Sun
they were the only ancient culture that kept written records of their astronomical observations
they were the first people known to try to explain nature with models based on reason and mathematics, without resort to the supernatural
the books of every other culture were lost in the destruction of the library of Alexandria
The semimajor axis of an ellipse is half the length of the longest line that you can draw across an ellipse.
The focus of an ellipse is always located precisely at the center of the ellipse.
An ellipse with a large eccentricity looks much more elongated (stretched out) than an ellipse with a small eccentricity.
A circle is considered to be a special type of ellipse.
it is spiraling in toward the Sun.
in some parts of its orbit it is much closer to the Sun than in other parts.
it has an odd but strangely endearing personality
its orbit is an ellipse with the Sun at one focus.
The recently discovered Kuiper Belt object Eris orbits the Sun every 557 years.
Part A – What is its average distance (semimajor axis) from the Sun in AU? Answer to one decimal place.
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Tychonic Models
Part A – Which of the following is NOT true of Tychonic models of the universe?
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Perfecto!
Part A – Rank the following shapes in from most (left) to least perfect (right) according to the ancient Greeks.
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ANSWER:
The Moon orbits the Earth.
They gained widespread acceptance in Tycho’s time.
The Earth orbits the Sun.
The planets orbit the Sun.
The Sun orbits the Earth.
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The correct ranking cannot be determined.
Circle Hexagon Square Decagon Octagon
Homocentric Models
Part A – Why does the homocentric model of Eudoxus have so many spheres? Explain how these spheres are attached to each other.
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Aristotle’s Model
Part A – Select all of the following which are NOT true of Aristotle’s model of the universe.
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Ptolemy vs. Copernicus
Part A – Describe the advantages of the model of Copernicus over that of Ptolemy. What are Copernicus’s lasting achievements?
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Greeks & Planetary Motion
Part A – Why did the ancient Greeks reject the real reason for planetary motion?
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The universe is divided into the celestial and sublunar worlds.
The celestial world is made of the elements of Earth, Wind, Fire, and Water.
The motion of all of the celestial spheres is derived from the Prime Mover.
The model fit Babylonian data quite well.
There are 56 celestial spheres.
The Prime Mover, the inner-most sphere, drives the motion of all the other spheres.
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Essay answers are limited to about 500 words (3800 characters maximum, including spaces).