Describe one disease or medical illness that affects the primary organ system you are reviewing.

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Describe one disease or medical illness that affects the primary organ system you are reviewing.

Submit your bulleted list for the organ system interrelationship and disease assessment to the discussion board. You must include the homeostatic interrelationship between the primary organ system and one secondary organ system. Describe one disease or medical illness that affects the primary organ system you are reviewing.

Provide an organized list of at least 10 bullet points for the organ system interrelationship and disease assessment, addressing the critical elements. You must use and cite at least one reference.

Post a short description of what you found. What are your thoughts about your tap water after reading the report you obtained?

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Post a short description of what you found.
What are your thoughts about your tap water after reading the report you obtained?

Read the topic material “Drinking Water Treatment.” The reading explains a typical water treatment process for tap water.

With this knowledge please obtain a water quality report from your local municipality within the last two years.
Post a short description of what you found.
What are your thoughts about your tap water after reading the report you obtained?
If you were in charge of your local municipality, and the report indicated organic impurities within the water supply, what technique (s) for water management (water pollution control, remediation, or water legislation) would you employ to address this problem?

What do you think is the most interesting aspect of this situation?

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What do you think is the most interesting aspect of this situation?

In the section about viruses, our textbook discusses how new strains of flu arise via viral reassortment (page 245). This is also known as genetic reassortment. Read the following recent article from MIT News about tracking the spread of bird flu that discusses the impact of reassortment: http://news.mit.edu/2017/tracking-spread-bird-flu-alaska-north-america-0317. Next, address the following:

Discuss the factors that make Alaskan waters in the summertime an optimal place and time for new strains of influenza to arise by genetic reassortment.
What do you think is the most interesting aspect of this situation?

NOTE: MORE THAN ONE ANSWER POSTED CHOOSE ANY

about what might happen if a large number of producers were suddenly removed from the biosphere. Where might carbon accumulate if the ratio of number of producers to consumers was markedly reduced?

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about what might happen if a large number of producers were suddenly removed from the biosphere. Where might carbon accumulate if the ratio of number of producers to consumers was markedly reduced?

The Virtual labs (below) are online laboratory simulations that enable you to perform experiments and observations in microscopy, microbial growth, inheritance, and genetic analysis from the relative comfort of your computer.

Use the Virtual Lab Report form to record your observations and results from these online experiments. When saving your work, title your report with your last name, first initial ‘_V1’. Thus the title for Charles Darwin’s report is DarwinC_V1. Use the ‘Save As’ option to save the file as Word 97 .doc file. Submit the report in the Dropbox before 11:00 PM PST on the second Saturday of class.

Virtual Lab Report Part I Due: Second Saturday of the course

Virtual Lab 1: Virtual Microscopy

scales

A. Gauge the size of various biological components and organisms. The Virtual Microscope can be used to make these observations. Estimate the size (length and width in microns) of
• 1. An E. Coli cell
• 2. A mitochondrion.
• 3. A Red blood cell
• 4. A virus.
• 5. A water molecule

B. Observe the various Cell types and learn to distinguish between Bacterial cells, Plant cells (1, 2), and Animal cells (1, 2, 3)
• 1. Observe and describe three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
• 2. Observe and describe three differences and three similarities between plant and animal cells.

C. Form a hypothesis
• 1. Hypothesize about how you might be able to sort a mixed population of cells into prokaryotes and
eukaryotes. Try to be practical, build on your understanding of the differences between the two cell classes.
• 2. Hypothesize about a means to separate out plant cells from a mixed population of eukaryotic cells.

Supplemental:
Cell structures and functions
Virtual Optical Microscope.
Virtual Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images.

Virtual Lab 2: Cellular Processes

bacterial growth

A. Bacterial Growth. Observing the growth of the bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae
These Streptococcus bacteria have been placed on a nutrient rich agar medium and their growth visualized. You can monitor their growth by watching the middle frame and moving through time with the time step buttons.
• Estimate how long it takes for this population of bacteria to double. Hint- this population doubles multiple times during the duration of this recording.

B. Cellular Reproduction : The Cell Cycle (1 , 2 , 3), Mitosis (1 , 2), Meiosis (1 , 2), and Binary fission (1 , 2).
• 1. Estimate the percentage of time that a constantly developing cell spends in interphase.
• 2. In a random selection of 100 such cells, estimate the number that would be undergoing mitosis at any given time.
• 3. Understand the basic differences between mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission. Is mitosis
more similar to meiosis or to binary fission? Explain your reasoning.

C. Cellular Metabolism: Cellular Respiration (1 , 2), Photosynthesis (1 , 2), and The Carbon Cycle (1 , 2 , 3)
• 1. In a paragraph or two compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
• 2. Describe the ecological relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
• 3. Hypothesize about what might happen if a large number of producers were suddenly removed from the biosphere. Where might carbon accumulate if the ratio of number of producers to consumers was markedly reduced?

Virtual Lab 3: Genetics I

bug lab Fly lab
Fly lab2

A. Phenotype and genotype of Dragons For fun, you can use this web lab to answer these questions: What genotype(s) result in wings? What genotype(s) result about a brown skinned Dragon? If necessary use your own research to answer the following questions.
• Define genotype and phenotype.
• What is an allele?

B. Drosophila Lab Enter the lab as a guest. You need to purchase a breeding pair of flies. Purchase a female mutant that has a small (vestigial) wing size and a male wild type fly. Breed them and notice the resulting distribution of phenotypes.
• Describe and explain the characteristic of the first generation (F1) of flies. Is the vestigial wing characteristic dominant or recessive?
• What percentage of the F1 generation would show the recessive characteristic phenotypically according to your table? Are your experimental breeding results consistent with what you expect from this assumption and the logic of the Punnet square?
• Breed two of these F1 flies. To do this select a male and a female from the results of your first cross and put them in the breeding jar. Describe and explain the characteristics of the second generation (F2) flies.

C. Genetic Disorders Library Describe the three main classes of genetic disorders and give an example of each.

Supplemental:
Genetic Terminology Glossary
Punnett squares: an introduction
Alternative Drosophila lab
Genetics

Virtual Lab 4: Genetics II

electrophoresis
electrophoresis 2
Blood Typing

A. Learn how electrophoresis works and answer these questions:
• On what basis is electrophoresis able to separate molecules? What are the lengths of the three DNA bands that you produce in this lab?

B. Electrophoresis. Select the pBR322 plasmid (a circular piece of DNA used as a cloning vector) to analyze (menu in upper left hand corner of the simulator). You will then see a diagram of the circular plasmid DNA along with the points along the length of the plasmid where the various restriction enzymes (EcoR I, Ple I, Hinc II, and Bgl I) will cut the DNA. For instance notice that the enzyme EcoR 1 only cuts the plasmid at one location at the top of the diagram, whereas the other enzymes cut the plasmid at other places. To analyzes the DNA we cut it up with different enzymes and slowly piece together an understanding of the entire sequence.
• Load each lane as follows: lane 1 with Bgl 1; lane 2 with EcoR 1; lane 3 with Hinc II; lane 4 with Ple I; lane 5 with predetermined molecular weight markers.
• Run the gel and describe and explain the number of bands in lanes 2 and 4.

C. Human blood types and the immune system: Emergency Transfusion!
You can skip the video introduction, but will probably want to read the guide before you attempt the emergency simulation. Repeat the simulation until you can get hired on by the virtual hospital staff. Use your mouse to: 1. Take a blood sample from the patient. 2. Place the blood sample in the antibody solutions. 3. Hang the correct blood transfusion bags, so as to start a blood transfusion.
• Identify the different blood types, the antibodies associated with each, and the types of blood that each type can receive and donate too.

Supplemental:
Electrophoresis Alternative
Genes and blood types

Which of these discusses genotypes rather than phenotypes.

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Question 1
Select one answer.
10 points
Which of these discusses genotypes rather than phenotypes.
1. The offspring of these flowers can be either red or white.
2. The male mouse is homozygous dominant.
3. Lactose intolerance can be due to a missing protein (the enzyme that digests lactose).
4. All of these discuss genotypes
Question 2
Select one answer.
10 points
Alleles are different versions of a _______________.
1. phenotype
2. chromosome
3. gene
4. genotype
Question 3
Select one answer.
10 points
Which of the following is true of a diploid organism?
1. It has two of each gene.
2. It has two of each chromosome.
3. It has two alleles of each gene.
4. All of the above.
5. None of the above.
Question 4
Select one answer.
10 points
The sister chromatids separate during which stage of meiosis?
1. Anaphase I
2. Anaphase II
3. Prophase I
4. Prophase II
Question 5
Select one answer.
10 points
The next three questions are based on the following information.
In humans, the ability to roll the tongue (T) is dominant over the inability to do so (t). Suppose Mike, who can roll his tongue, and Jeannie, who cannot roll her tongue, have a child, Benjamin.
Part 1 of 3: If Mike’s mother was able to roll her tongue but his father was not able to roll his, then what is the probability that Benjamin will be able to roll his tongue?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 0%
Question 6
Select one answer.
10 points
Part 2 of 3: What is the probability that Benjamin will be homozygous recessive?
1. 50%
2. 0%
3. 75%
4. 100%
Question 7
Select one answer.
10 points
Part 3 of 3: What is the probability that Benjamin will be homozygous dominant?
1. 0%
2. 50%
3. 100%
4. 75%
Question 8
Select one answer.
10 points
How many different gametes are produced by a cell with the genotype AABb?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
Question 9
Select one answer.
10 points
Describe the importance of independent assortment: ________________________.
1. will assort independently of each other
2. will sort to the same gamete
3. are called alleles
4. All of these are true
Question 10
Select one answer.
10 points
Homozygous is a term that can describe a(n) _____________.
1. allele
2. heterozygous
3. genotype
4. phenotype

Question 11
Select one answer.
10 points
Red flower color is incompletely dominant over white flower color. If a red flower is crossed with a pink flower, what percentage of the offspring will be pink?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
Question 12
Select one answer.
10 points
Use the following information to answer the next three questions.
In humans, there are three alleles for blood type: A, B, and O. A and B are codominant over O. Suppose Jim, a man with type A blood, and Leah, a woman with type B blood, have a child, Winnie. Jim’s parents both have blood type AB. Leah’s mother has type B, and her father has type O.
Part 1 of 3: What is the probability that Winnie’s blood type will be AB?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
5. 0%
Question 13
Select one answer.
10 points
Part 2 of 3:What is the chance that Winnie’s blood type will be A?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
5. 0%
Question 14
Select one answer.
10 points
Part 3 of 3:What is the chance that Winnie’s blood type will be B?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
5. 0%
Question 15
Select one answer.
10 points
Use the following information to answer the next three questions.
In dogs, colored fur, E, is dominant over colorless fur, e. Black fur color, B, is dominant over brown fur color, b. The E gene is epistatic to the B gene. Suppose a yellow male dog is mated with a black female. The male’s parents were both brown. The female’s mother was yellow, and her father was brown.
Part 1 of 3: What percentage of the puppies will be yellow?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
5. 0%
Question 16
Select one answer.
10 points
Part 2 of 3: What percentage of the puppies will be black?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
5. 0%
Question 17
Select one answer.
10 points
Part 3 of 3: What percentage of the puppies will be brown?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
5. 0%
Question 18
Select one answer.
10 points
Human height is affected by ______________.
1. genetics only
2. the environment only
3. genetics and the environment

Question 19

Select one answer.
10 points
A genetic disorder that is sex-linked cannot also be ___________________.
1. autosomal
2. recessive
3. dominant
4. all of these are possible
Question 20
Select one answer.
10 points
In humans, how many alleles of genes found on the X chromosome do male have?
1. 0
2. 1
3. 2
4. 4
Question 21

Select one answer.
10 points
Nondisjunction in meiosis I results in
1. two cells missing a chromosome and two healthy cells.
2. two cells missing a chromosome and two cells with an additional chromosome
3. one cell missing a chromosome, one cell with missing a chromosome and two healthy cells.
4. two cells with an additional chromosome and two healthy cells
Question 22

Select one answer.
10 points
Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder. A person with the disorder and a person that is a carrier mate. (A carrier has the allele for the trait but does not express it.)
What is the chance that their offspring will develop sickle cell anemia?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
Question 23

Select one answer.
10 points
The sex of the offspring is determined by _____________.
1. the mother only
2. the father only
3. both the mother and the father
Question 24

Select one answer.
10 points
According to the pedigree below, this trait is ____________________.

1. Sex-linked recessive
2. autosomal dominant
3. Sex-linked dominant
4. autosomal recessive
Question 25

Select one answer.
10 points
What is the genotype of the unshaded individuals in the pedigree below?

1. Either AA or Aa
2. Aa
3. aa
4. AA
Question 26

Select one answer.
10 points
Nondisjunction in meiosis II results in: ______________________
1. Two cells missing a chromosome and two cells with an additional chromosome.
2. One cell missing a chromosome, one cell with missing a chromosome and two healthy cells.
3. Two cells missing a chromosome and two healthy cells.
4. Two cells with an additional chromosome and two healthy cells

Question27
Select one answer.
10 points
In humans, the condition for normal blood clotting (H) is dominant to hemophilia (h). A male who has normal blood clotting mates with a woman who is a carrier. If they have a son, what is the probability that he will have this condition?
1. 0%
2. 75%
3. 100%
4. 50%
Question 28
Select one answer.
10 points
In humans females are
1. XY
2. XX
3. YY
4. none of these
Question 29

Select one answer.
10 points
In humans, the condition for normal blood clotting (H) is dominant to hemophilia (h). A male who has normal blood clotting mates with a woman who is a carrier. If they have a daugher, what is the probability that she will have this condition?
1. 75%
2. 50%
3. 100%
4. 0%
Question 30

Select one answer.
10 points
A single visible trait that results from more than one gene is called:
1. genotypic
2. phenotypic
3. pleiotropic
4. polygenic
Question 31

Select one answer.
10 points
An individual that expresses the recessive trait of a dominant/recessive gene
1. must be homozygous
2. must be heterozygous
3. can be either homozygous or heterozygous
Question 32

Select one answer.
10 points
In humans tongue rolling (T) is dominant to non-rolling (t). Two heterozygous individuals have a child. What is the probability that their child will be able to roll its tongue?
1. 0%
2. 50%
3. 75%
4. 100%
Question 33

Select one answer.
10 points
Use the following information to answer the following four questions.
In dogs, colored fur (E) is dominant to un-colored fur (e). Black fur color (B) is dominant to brown fur color (b). The E gene is epistatic to the B gene. A yellow male dog is mated to a black female. The male’s parents were both brown dogs. The female’s mother was yellow, and her father was brown.
Q1 of 4: What is the genotype of the male dog in this example?
1. eebb
2. ee
3. eeBb
4. eeBB
Question 34

Select one answer.
10 points
Q2 of 4: What is the genotype of the female dog in this example?
1. EEBB
2. EEBb
3. EeBB
4. EeBb
Question 35

Select one answer.
10 points
Q3 of 4: What percentage of their puppies will be yellow?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
Question 36

Select one answer.
10 points
Q4 of 4: What percentage of the puppies will be homozygous for the B gene?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
Question 37

Select one answer.
10 points
This individual studied peas and is often considered the father of genetics.
1. Carl Sagan
2. Gregor Mendel
3. James Watson
4. Charles Darwin
Question 38

Select one answer.
10 points
Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant disorder. A person with the disorder and a person without the disorder mate. Both of these individuals are homozygous. What is the chance that the offspring will develop Huntington’s?
1. 100%
2. 75%
3. 50%
4. 25%
Question 39

Select one answer.
10 points
Sex-linked disorders
1. are always dominant
2. are always recessive
3. can be either dominant or recessive
4. are neither dominant nor recessive
Question 40

Select one answer.
10 points
Hydrangeas are blue in acidic soil with available aluminum, and they are pink in alkaline soil without available aluminum, but they cannot be orange under any soil condition. The color of hydrangeas is affect by
1. genetics only
2. the environment only
3. genetics and the environment
Question 41

Select one answer.
10 points
A haploid organism has how many copies of each chromosome?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
Question 42

Select one answer.
10 points
How many copies of each gene does a diploid organism have?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
Question 43

Select one answer.
10 points
Red (R) flower color is incompletely dominant to white (r) flower color. Which cross will produce 100% pink flowers?
1. Pink x Pink
2. Red x White
3. White x White
4. Red x Red
Question 44

Select one answer.
10 points
Genotypes provide information about: ______________.
1. Proteins
2. DNA
3. Lipids
4. Carbohydrates

A-Plus Writer, would it be possible for you to complete the attached lab report for the assignment listed below? Please?

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A-Plus Writer, would it be possible for you to complete the attached lab report for the assignment listed below? Please?

Application: Inheritance Lab

Have you noticed any similarities among you and your parents or other relatives? Even if you do not know your biological parents, you can guess some of their physical characteristics based on your own physical characteristics or phenotypes. You can do this by applying Mendelian genetics.

For your Application Assignment, complete the Inheritance Lab in which you identify your phenotypes for several physical characteristics such as the presence of dimples or a widow’s peak. Then, infer your possible genotypes, as well as your parents’ possible genotypes.

To prepare for this Application Assignment:

Consider what Mendelian genetics is and how you can determine genotypes based on phenotypes and vice versa.

Review the Inheritance Lab Background document (see attachment), focusing on the phenotypes you observe for the Inheritance Lab and how to identify genotypes associated with those phenotypes.

Review the lab instructions in the Inheritance Lab Report (see attached), focusing on the steps you must follow and the information you must complete in the report. You may complete this report by hand as you complete the lab; however, by Day 7, you submit an electronic version of this document for your Application Assignment.

NOTE: You do not need to purchase any materials to complete this lab.