Why do doctors measure reflexes during a diagnostic exam?

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Derrick age 22

Derrick requests a routine physical.

Maria age 45

Maria complains of decreased focusing ability for near objects and headache.

Edward age 70

Edward complains of muscle weakness and blurred vision.

. Color Blindness Test

VIEW TEST

Yes

No

No

2. Astigmatism Test

VIEW TEST

No

Yes

No

3. Visual Acuity Test

VIEW TEST

20 / 20

20 / 30

20 / 80

4. Knee Jerk Reflex Test

VIEW TEST

Normal

Normal

Abnormal

5. Pupillary Reflex Test

VIEW TEST

Normal

Normal

Abnormal

1. Why do doctors measure reflexes during a diagnostic exam?

23. Consider both the symptoms and results for each of the three patients to answer the following:

Were there any abnormal test results?

Using your text, the library and the internet to perform research explain what condition you think could explain the patient’s symptoms and results? Explain why you suspect this condition?

What causes the condition you believe this patient may have?

Derrick

Derrick is color blind

Color blindness is a usually a genetic (hereditary) condition (you are born with it). Red/green and blue colour blindness is usually passed down from your parents. The gene which is responsible for the condition is carried on the X chromosome and this is the reason why many more men are affected than women

Maria

Maria has an Astigmatism

Astigmatism is caused by an eye that is not completely round and occurs in nearly everybody to some degree. For vision problems due to astigmatism, glasses, contact lenses, and even vision correction procedures are all possible treatment options.

A person’s eye is naturally shaped like a sphere. Under normal circumstances, when light enters the eye, it refracts, or bends evenly, creating a clear view of the object. However, the eye of a person with astigmatism is shaped more like a football or the back of a spoon. For this person, when light enters the eye it is refracted more in one direction than the other, allowing only part of the object to be in focus at one time. Objects at any distance can appear blurry and wavy.

EDWARD

Edward s visual Acuity test 2o/80

Knee jerk reflex abnormal

Pupillary reflex test abnormal

Lab – Neuromuscular
Resources


By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
Competency 6: Apply biological concepts to factors related to human health.

Explain the importance of a yearly eye exam.

Explain why doctors measure reflexes during the diagnostic exam.

Evaluate symptoms and results of patient 1.

Evaluate symptoms and results of patient 2.

Evaluate symptoms and results of patient 3.

INSTRUCTIONS

There are five labs within this course. The first lab, Neuromuscular Lab, is included in this unit. The other labs are in Units 5, 7, 8, and 10. Each lab corresponds to the topics learned in that particular unit, or in the unit prior to the lab.
To complete, you will open the labs by clicking Launch Lab and then following the instructions. Each lab is interactive and will ask you to walk through various situations that are used to better help you understand the particular topics discussed within the course.
Please note that at the end of each lab is an assessment. To complete the assessment, you will fill out the items requested within the lab and then download that document, or documents, to your computer and save it. You will be required to attach the documents to the assignment and then submit the assignment.
The Neuromuscular Lab focuses on three patients who are getting their yearly physical, including an eye exam and reflex test. It will have you go through the process of the eye exams from an optometrist’s point of view. Click Launch Lab to begin.
Make sure that you review the Lab – Neuromuscular Scoring Guide prior to submitting your document to ensure you have met all of the expectations for this assignment. Note that it is recommended to review the scoring guide prior to downloading your document, or documents, to your computer since all work is required to be completed within the lab. Toggle Drawer


1. An investment project has annual cash inflows of $4,300, $4,000, $5,200, and $4,400, and a discount rate of 13 percent. What is the discounted payback period for these cash flows if the initial cost is $5,800?

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1. An investment project has annual cash inflows of $4,300, $4,000, $5,200, and $4,400, and a discount rate of 13 percent.

What is the discounted payback period for these cash flows if the initial cost is $5,800? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

Discounted payback period years

What is the discounted payback period for these cash flows if the initial cost is $7,900? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

Discounted payback period years

What is the discounted payback period for these cash flows if the initial cost is $10,900? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

Discounted payback period years

2. Stone Sour, Inc., has a project with the following cash flows:

Year Cash Flow
0 –$ 27,900
1 11,900
2 14,900
3 10,900
________________________________________

The required return is 18 percent. What is the IRR for this project? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

IRR %

3. Bill plans to open a self-serve grooming center in a storefront. The grooming equipment will cost $480,000, to be paid immediately. Bill expects aftertax cash inflows of $103,000 annually for eight years, after which he plans to scrap the equipment and retire to the beaches of Nevis. The first cash inflow occurs at the end of the first year. Assume the required return is 13 percent.

What is the project’s PI? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 3 decimal places. (e.g., 32.161))

PI

3. Consider the following cash flows on two mutually exclusive projects for the Bahamas Recreation Corporation (BRC). Both projects require an annual return of 17 percent.

Year Deepwater Fishing New Submarine Ride
0 −$ 1,000,000 −$ 1,950,000
1 420,000 1,000,000
2 550,000 850,000
3 470,000 850,000
________________________________________

a-1. Compute the IRR for both projects. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

IRR
Deepwater Fishing %

Submarine Ride %

________________________________________

b-1. Calculate the incremental IRR for the cash flows. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

Incremental IRR %

Answer: 17.15

c-1. Compute the NPV for both projects.(Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

NPV
Deepwater Fishing $

Submarine Ride $

________________________________________

4. The Robb Computer Corporation is trying to choose between the following two mutually exclusive design projects:
Year Cash Flow (I) Cash Flow (II)
0 –$ 54,000 –$ 19,000
1 41,000 10,200
2 41,000 10,200
3 41,000 10,200
________________________________________

a-1. If the required return is 11 percent, what is the profitability index for each project? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 3 decimal places. (e.g., 32.161))

Profitability Index
Project I

Project II

________________________________________

b-1. What is the NPV for each project? (Negative amounts should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

NPV
Project I $

Project II $

________________________________________

5. Mario Brothers, a game manufacturer, has a new idea for an adventure game. It can market the game either as a traditional board game or as an interactive DVD, but not both. Consider the following cash flows of the two mutually exclusive projects for Mario Brothers. Assume the discount rate for Mario Brothers is 10 percent.

Year Board Game DVD
0 –$ 1,600 –$ 3,500
1 770 2,150
2 1,350 1,650
3 290 1,200
________________________________________
a. What is the payback period for each project? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

Payback period
Board game

DVD

________________________________________

b. What is the NPV for each project? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

NPV
Board game $

DVD $

________________________________________

c. What is the IRR for each project? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

IRR
Board game %

DVD %

________________________________________

d. What is the incremental IRR? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your final answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

Incremental IRR %

6. Consider the following cash flows of two mutually exclusive projects for Tokyo Rubber Company. Assume the discount rate for Tokyo Rubber Company is 8 percent.

Year Dry Prepreg Solvent Prepreg
0 –$ 1,840,000 –$ 820,000
1 1,114,000 445,000
2 928,000 740,000
3 764,000 418,000
________________________________________

a. What is the payback period for both projects? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

Payback period
Dry Prepeg years

Solvent Prepeg years

________________________________________

b. What is the NPV for both projects? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

NPV
Dry Prepeg $

Solvent Prepeg $

_______________________________________

c. What is the IRR for both projects? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

IRR
Dry Prepeg %

Solvent Prepeg %

________________________________________

d. Calculate the incremental IRR for the cash flows. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

Incremental IRR %

7. Consider two mutually exclusive new product launch projects that Nagano Golf is considering. Assume the discount rate for Nagano Golf is 13 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your “PI” answers to 3 decimal places (e.g., 32.161) and other answers to 2 decimal places. (e.g., 32.16))

Project A: Nagano NP-30.
Professional clubs that will take an initial investment of $640,000 at time 0.
Next five years (Years 1–5) of sales will generate a consistent cash flow of $275,000 per year.
Introduction of new product at Year 6 will terminate further cash flows from this project.
Project B: Nagano NX-20.
High-end amateur clubs that will take an initial investment of $650,000 at Time 0.
Cash flow at Year 1 is $190,000. In each subsequent year cash flow will grow at 10 percent per year.
Introduction of new product at Year 6 will terminate further cash flows from this project.

Year NP-30 NX-20
0 –$ 640,000 –$ 650,000
1 275,000 190,000
2 275,000 209,000
3 275,000 229,900
4 275,000 252,890
5 275,000 278,179
________________________________________

Complete the following table:

NX-30 NX-20
Payback
years
years
IRR
%
%
PI

NPV $
$

________________________________________

(Capital Asset Pricing Model) Levine Manufacturing, Inc., is considering several investments. The rate on Treasury bills is currently 6.75 percent, and the expected return for the market is 12 percent. What should be the required rates of return for each investment (using the CAPM)?

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(Capital Asset Pricing Model) Levine Manufacturing, Inc., is considering several investments. The rate on Treasury bills is currently 6.75 percent, and the expected return for the market is 12 percent. What should be the required rates of return for each investment (using the CAPM)?

Security Beta
A 1.50
B .90
C .70
D 1.15

3. (Preferred Stock Valuation) What is the value of a preferred stock where the dividend rate is 14 percent on a $100 par value? The appropriate discount rate for a stock of this risk level is 12 percent.

4. (Preferred Stockholder Expected Return) Solitron preferred stock is selling for $42.16 and pays $1.95 in dividends. What is your expected rate of return if you purchase the security at the market price?

5. (Measuring Growth) Given that a firm’s return on equity is 18 percent and management plans to retain 40 percent of earnings for investment purposes, what will be the firm’s growth rate?

6. (Preferred Stock Valuation) Gree’s preferred stock is selling for $33 in the market and pays a $3.60 annual dividend.
a. What is the expected rate of return of the stock?
b. If an investor’s required rate of return is 10 percent, what is the value of the stock for the investor?
c. Should the investor acquire the stock?

7. (IRR Calculation) Determine the internal rate of return on the following projects:
a. An initial outlay of $10,000 resulting in a single cash flow of $17,182 after 8 years
b. An initial outlay of $10,000 resulting in a single cash flow of $48,077 after 10 years
c. An initial outlay of $10,000 resulting in a single cash flow of $114,943 after 20 years
d. An initial outlay of $10,000 resulting in a single cash flow of $13,680 after 3 years

8. (IRR Calculation) Determine the internal rate of return on the following projects:
a. An initial outlay of $10,000 resulting in a cash flow of $1,993 at the end of each year for the next 10 years
b. An initial outlay of $10,000 resulting in a cash flow of $2,054 at the end of each year for the next 20 years
c. An initial outlay of $10,000 resulting in a cash flow of $1,193 at the end of each year for the next 12 years
d. An initial outlay of $10,000 resulting in a cash flow of $2,843 at the end of each year for the next 5 years

Differentiate the sexual response cycles of males and females. What are the differences between males and females, and what do they share in common?

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Differentiate the sexual response cycles of males and females. What are the differences between males and females, and what do they share in common? You can copy the table below into a word processing document and use it to complete this assignment, or you may make your own table.

Masters and Johnson Stage Male Female Both
Excitement

Plateau

Orgasm

Resolution

Grading Rubric

Possible points

Student points and instructor feedback

Accurately and clearly compares and contrasts the sexual response cycles of males and females.

45

The table is complete and reflects substantial thoughtfulness.

45

References are included in summaries and follow APA 6th ed. formatting style.

10

Total

100

5

1. Jane Calvert owns a condominium at the beach which she rents out to vacationers. What type of investment does she hold?

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1.
Jane Calvert owns a condominium at the beach which she rents out to vacationers. What type of investment does she hold?

A) direct investment in real estate

B) indirect investment in real estate

C) equity REIT

D) participation certificate

E) mortgage REIT

2.

Owen Cartwright has joined a real estate syndicate that bought an office building in downtown Orlando, Florida. What type of investment does he hold?

A) direct investment in real estate

B) indirect investment in real estate

C) equity REIT

D) participation certificate

E) mortgage REIT

3.

Diversification in direct real estate investments is:

A) difficult and expensive.

B) easy and inexpensive.

C) a drawback.

D) easier than diversification in indirect real estate investments.

E) difficult but inexpensive.

4.

Investors buy precious metals as a hedge against:

A) recession.

B) depression.

C) inflation.

D) deflation.

E) rising value of the U.S. dollar.

5.

In general, the price of gold:

A) is stable.

B) fluctuates daily.

C) changes monthly.

D) is unaffected by political upheavals.

E) is unaffected by economic conditions.

6.

Jeremy Fischer has just purchased 20 American eagle gold coins from a broker.

What type of investment does he hold?

A) direct investment in real estate

B) indirect investment in real estate

C) precious metals

D) ceramics

E) gems

7.

Brian Wilson has several baseball cards passed down to him from his grandfather. He is particularly proud of the signed Hank Aaron baseball card that he has. What type of investment does he hold?

A) direct investment in real estate

B) indirect investment in real estate

C) precious metals

D) collectibles

E) gems

8.

Lynn Roy owns three, two-carat diamonds that she received from her grandmother who did not believe in banks or stocks and bonds. What type of investment does she hold?

A) direct investment in real estate

B) indirect investment in real estate

C) precious metals

D) collectibles

E) gems

9.

It is much easier today to find and trade in collectibles than it was in prior years. Which one of the following is primarily the reason for this?

A) telephone

B) World Wide Web

C) magazines

D) plane travel

E) automobiles

10.

Easing of international tensions or disinflation cause gold prices to:

A) skyrocket.

B) increase moderately.

C) remain stable.

D) decline.

E) change, but the direction of the change cannot be predicted.

2. Cochrane, Inc., is considering a new three-year expansion project that requires an initial fixed asset investment of $2,520,000. The fixed asset will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its three-year tax life. The project is estimated to generate $2,290,000 in annual sales, with costs of $1,280,000. The project requires an initial investment in net working capital of $164,000, and the fixed asset will have a market value of $189,000 at the end of the project. Assume that the tax rate is 40 percent and the required return on the project is 7 percent. Requirement 1: What are the net cash flows of the project for the following years?

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2. Cochrane, Inc., is considering a new three-year expansion project that requires an initial fixed asset investment of $2,520,000. The fixed asset will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its three-year tax life. The project is estimated to generate $2,290,000 in annual sales, with costs of $1,280,000. The project requires an initial investment in net working capital of $164,000, and the fixed asset will have a market value of $189,000 at the end of the project. Assume that the tax rate is 40 percent and the required return on the project is 7 percent.

Requirement 1:
What are the net cash flows of the project for the following years?
Requirement 2:
What is the NPV of the project?
3. Pappy’s Potato has come up with a new product, the Potato Pet (they are freeze-dried to last longer). Pappy’s paid $139,000 for a marketing survey to determine the viability of the product. It is felt that Potato Pet will generate sales of $594,000 per year. The fixed costs associated with this will be $198,000 per year, and variable costs will amount to 18 percent of sales. The equipment necessary for production of the Potato Pet will cost $658,000 and will be depreciated in a straight-line manner for the four years of the product life (as with all fads, it is felt the sales will end quickly). This is the only initial cost for the production. Pappy’s is in a 40 percent tax bracket and has a required return of 12 percent.

Required:
Calculate the Time 0 cash flow for this project.
Calculate the annual OCF for this project
Calculate the payback period for this project.
Calculate the NPV for this project
Calculate the IRR for this project
4.use the following returns for X and Y.

Returns
________________________________________
Year X Y
1 22.8 % 29.4 %
2 – 17.8 – 4.8
3 10.8 31.4
4 21.6 – 16.6
5 5.8 35.4
________________________________________

Requirement 1:
Average returns
Requirement 2:
Calculate the variances for X and Y.
Requirement 3:
Calculate the standard deviations for X and Y.
A stock has had the following year-end prices and dividends:

Year Price Dividend
1 $ 64.48 —
2 71.35 $ 0.63
3 77.15 0.68
4 63.42 0.74
5 73.41 0.83
6 81.25 0.90
________________________________________

5. What are the arithmetic and geometric returns for the stock?

6. Rolston Music Company is considering the sale of a new sound board used in recording studios. The new board would sell for $26,000, and the company expects to sell 1,450 per year. The company currently sells 1,950 units of its existing model per year. If the new model is introduced, sales of the existing model will fall to 1,770 units per year. The old board retails for $21,900. Variable costs are 55 percent of sales, depreciation on the equipment to produce the new board will be $1,400,000 per year, and fixed costs are $1,300,000 per year.

Required:
If the tax rate is 38 percent, what is the annual OCF for the project?