1. Rank the following in terms of increasing density:
A. A100 g object with a volume of 25 cubic centimeters
B. A 200 g object with a volume of 100 cubic centimeters
C. A 100 g object with a volume of 100 cubic centimeters
D. A 400 g object with a volume of 50 cubic centimeters
2. Rank the following in terms of increasing pressure:
A. A 10 kg object distributed on a square surface with dimensions 10 cm by 10 cm
B. A 20 kg object distributed on a square surface with dimensions 10 cm by 10 cm
C. A 30 kg object distributed on a square surface with dimensions 20 cm by 20 cm
D. A 40 kg object distributed on a square surface with dimensions 30 cm by 30 cm
3. Consider four blocks with identical volumes placed in water as shown below.
Which block has the smallest buoyant force on the water and why?
4. Consider four blocks with identical volumes placed in water as shown below. Rank the blocks in terms of increasing density:
5. Consider a tall container filled with water. There are three holes of equal size in the side of the container as shown on the diagram below. The red arrows indicate the velocity of the water as it flows out of the holes.
Why is the velocity larger for the bottom stream of water?
6. On a quiet day, the atmospheric pressure results in a force of about 10,0000 N on a window pane with an area of 1 square meter.
a. Why does this large force not shatter the window?
b. How will this change if a strong wind is blowing across the window pane?
7. Explain why locations near a large body of water generally have higher average temperatures in the winter and lower average temperatures in the summer.
8. A mirror cleaned with an alcohol solution is slightly colder right after it is cleaned. Why?
9. To keep the canned food from freezing in a storage cellar, a farmer places a tub of water in the cellar. Explain.
10. Why is it safe to stick your tongue on a wooden pole on a cold winter day, but not on a metal pole?
11. You are in the frozen food section of the grocery store and you notice that your hand gets cold when you place it on the glass windows of the display cases. Your friend says this is because coolness is transferred from the display case to your hand. What do you think?
12. Why are good conductors of electricity usually also good conductors of heat?
13. Why is it cooler to wear a white shirt than a black shirt on a hot, sunny day?
14. On a hot day in your hot kitchen, you decide to work with the refrigerator door open in an attempt to have the refrigerator cool the room. Which of the following best describes the result of this decision? Explain your answer.
A. It will cool the room very effectively
B. It will cool the room, but inefficiently
C. It will not change anything
D. It will actually warm the room
The remaining questions are multiple-choice questions:
15. Consider standing on a bathroom scale. How will the reading of the scale compare if you stand on one leg instead of two?
A. It will show less
B. It will show more
C. It will show the same
16. Consider standing on a bathroom scale. What does a bathroom scale show?
A. Mass
B. Density
C. Force
D. Pressure
17. Which has the greater density, a lake full of water or a cup full of lake water?
A. The water in the cup
B. The water in the lake
C. Both have the same density
18. The largest extremes in temperature are usually experienced _____.
A. On islands
B. In japan
C. In coastal cities such as boston
D. In the middle of the continents
E. Near the oceans
19. The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a _____.
A. High specific heat
B. High density
C. Low specific heat
D. Low density
20. Which of the following has the highest specific heat?
A. Water
B. Wood
C. Rock
D. Concrete
21. What happens to the volume of a 1 kg of water when it is heated from 0oC to 2oC?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays the same
22. What happens to the volume of a 1 kg of water when it is heated from 4oC to 6oC?
A. Increases
B. Decreases
C. Stays the same
23. Heat transfer by conduction in metals occurs when:
A. Atoms give off energy in the form of radiation
B. A large number of atoms move from one place to another
C. Electrons collide with other electrons and with atoms.
D. Electromagnetic waves travel though space to heat up an object.
24. Heat transfer by convection occurs when:
A. Atoms give off energy in the form of radiation
B. A large number of atoms move from one place to another
C. Electrons collide with other electrons and with atoms.
D. Electromagnetic waves travel though space to heat up an object.
25. What produces the cooling effect inside a refrigerator?
A. A compression making the refrigeration gas condense to a liquid.
B. An electric motor turning electrical energy into thermal energy.
C. Excellent insulation.
D. The evaporation of the refrigeration liquid.

At a pressure of 0.0500 atm a constant-volume ideal gas thermometer reads a temperature of 345 K. What is the thermometer’s triple point pressure, Pt?
For the same ideal gas thermometer what temperature, T, corresponds to a pressure of 0.00560 atm?
9-
The storage of radioactive waste is an important problem in the nuclear industry. One problem that scientists must take into account is volumetric expansion. Consider a 30.0-gallon metal canister of diameter 22.0 inches filled with a radioactive waste possessing a coefficient of volume expansion of 9.60 × 10-4 (°C)–1. This canister will be filled at room temperature (23.0°C) and lowered deep into the Earth (where temperatures can reach 138°C) for storage. If the coefficient of volume expansion of the metal is 4.10 × 10-5 (°C)–1, how much waste will spill over the top if the lid becomes loose?
10-
Volumetric expansion coefficients of simple materials are often well catalogued. However, the thermal expansion coefficient β of a human body is less well known. This could affect the human body’s specific gravity and, therefore, measurements of its body/fat ratio. Suppose that a human body of weight w0 (on dry land) is placed on a scale while completely immersed in formaldehyde of temperature T1. Once the temperature increases by ΔT, the scale reading drops by Δw. Derive an expression for β in terms of ΔT, w0, and Δw by assuming that the ratio of the formaldehyde ρf and the initial density of the body ρb is R = ρf /ρb. Assume also that ρf does not change when heated.????
If the body weighs 198.5 lb on dry land and his weight reading lowers by 0.237 lb when the formaldehyde is heated from 69.20oF to 82.80oF, calculate the coefficient of volume expansion of the body.* Assume R = 0.870.????
* The coefficient β will likely vary widely from one human body to the next. The numerical value computed here should not be considered factual.
13-
As an accountant in charge of reducing expenditures for a local company, you think you can save considerable money on fuel costs by lowering the room temperature of the building for daily use. In the morning, the interior temperature is typically 37.6°F and the thermostat is typically set for 71.4°F. Instead, you propose to lower the thermostat to 60.7°F. Currently the building measures 23.5 × 54.9 × 14.5 feet. How much heat will be saved each morning by bringing the building up to the new operating temperature of 60.7°F instead of 71.4°F? Ignore heat and air losses to the outside and consider air an ideal diatomic gas. Assume that in the morning the pressure in the room is atmospheric. Express your answer as a positive quantity.??
The electricity rate in your area is $6.56 per kilowatt-hour. How much money (in dollars) is saved each morning by only heating the room to the new operating temperature?*???
* This represents only a fraction of the cost savings, since higher interior temperatures induce higher losses of heat to the outside.???
16-
A uniform steel plate has an area of 0.919 m2. When subjected to a temperature difference between its sides, a heat current* of 37.5 kW is found to flow through it. What is the temperature gradient? What is the temperature difference when the plate is 4.35 cm thick? The thermal conductivity of steel is 50.2 W/(m·K).
Temperature gradient:???
Temperature difference:??
18-
Temperatures of gases inside the combustion chamber of a four stroke automobile engine can reach up to 1000°C. To remove this enourmous amount of heat the engine utilizes a closed liquid cooled system which relies on conduction to transfer heat from the engine block into the liquid and then into the atmosphere by flowing coolant around the outside surface of the cylinder. Let’s assume we have a 6 cylinder engine and each cylinder has a diameter of 8.25 cm and height of 11.9 cm and is 3.78 mm thick. The temperature on the inside of the cylinders is 188.4°C whereas the temperature where the coolant passes is 134.2°C. The temperature of the liquid (a mixture of water and antifreeze) is to be maintained at 95.0°C. Using the given parameters, what flow rate would need to be supplied by the water pump to cool this engine? (See the hint panel for other needed constants.)
Find V/t ???? in cm^3/sec
20-
Find the net rate of radiation by a pot at 38.5°C that has been placed in a –22.7°C freezer. The pot’s surface area is 0.111 m2 and its emissivity is 0.545. ???

At a pressure of 0.0500 atm a constant-volume ideal gas thermometer reads a temperature of 345 K. What is the thermometer’s triple point pressure, Pt?
For the same ideal gas thermometer what temperature, T, corresponds to a pressure of 0.00560 atm?
9-
The storage of radioactive waste is an important problem in the nuclear industry. One problem that scientists must take into account is volumetric expansion. Consider a 30.0-gallon metal canister of diameter 22.0 inches filled with a radioactive waste possessing a coefficient of volume expansion of 9.60 × 10-4 (°C)–1. This canister will be filled at room temperature (23.0°C) and lowered deep into the Earth (where temperatures can reach 138°C) for storage. If the coefficient of volume expansion of the metal is 4.10 × 10-5 (°C)–1, how much waste will spill over the top if the lid becomes loose?
10-
Volumetric expansion coefficients of simple materials are often well catalogued. However, the thermal expansion coefficient β of a human body is less well known. This could affect the human body’s specific gravity and, therefore, measurements of its body/fat ratio. Suppose that a human body of weight w0 (on dry land) is placed on a scale while completely immersed in formaldehyde of temperature T1. Once the temperature increases by ΔT, the scale reading drops by Δw. Derive an expression for β in terms of ΔT, w0, and Δw by assuming that the ratio of the formaldehyde ρf and the initial density of the body ρb is R = ρf /ρb. Assume also that ρf does not change when heated.????
If the body weighs 198.5 lb on dry land and his weight reading lowers by 0.237 lb when the formaldehyde is heated from 69.20oF to 82.80oF, calculate the coefficient of volume expansion of the body.* Assume R = 0.870.????
* The coefficient β will likely vary widely from one human body to the next. The numerical value computed here should not be considered factual.
13-
As an accountant in charge of reducing expenditures for a local company, you think you can save considerable money on fuel costs by lowering the room temperature of the building for daily use. In the morning, the interior temperature is typically 37.6°F and the thermostat is typically set for 71.4°F. Instead, you propose to lower the thermostat to 60.7°F. Currently the building measures 23.5 × 54.9 × 14.5 feet. How much heat will be saved each morning by bringing the building up to the new operating temperature of 60.7°F instead of 71.4°F? Ignore heat and air losses to the outside and consider air an ideal diatomic gas. Assume that in the morning the pressure in the room is atmospheric. Express your answer as a positive quantity.??
The electricity rate in your area is $6.56 per kilowatt-hour. How much money (in dollars) is saved each morning by only heating the room to the new operating temperature?*???
* This represents only a fraction of the cost savings, since higher interior temperatures induce higher losses of heat to the outside.???
16-
A uniform steel plate has an area of 0.919 m2. When subjected to a temperature difference between its sides, a heat current* of 37.5 kW is found to flow through it. What is the temperature gradient? What is the temperature difference when the plate is 4.35 cm thick? The thermal conductivity of steel is 50.2 W/(m·K).
Temperature gradient:???
Temperature difference:??
18-
Temperatures of gases inside the combustion chamber of a four stroke automobile engine can reach up to 1000°C. To remove this enourmous amount of heat the engine utilizes a closed liquid cooled system which relies on conduction to transfer heat from the engine block into the liquid and then into the atmosphere by flowing coolant around the outside surface of the cylinder. Let’s assume we have a 6 cylinder engine and each cylinder has a diameter of 8.25 cm and height of 11.9 cm and is 3.78 mm thick. The temperature on the inside of the cylinders is 188.4°C whereas the temperature where the coolant passes is 134.2°C. The temperature of the liquid (a mixture of water and antifreeze) is to be maintained at 95.0°C. Using the given parameters, what flow rate would need to be supplied by the water pump to cool this engine? (See the hint panel for other needed constants.)
Find V/t ???? in cm^3/sec
20-
Find the net rate of radiation by a pot at 38.5°C that has been placed in a –22.7°C freezer. The pot’s surface area is 0.111 m2 and its emissivity is 0.545. ???