An X-ray tube emits X-rays with a wavelength of 1.00 x 10-11 m. Calculate the photon energy, in joules, that the emitted X-rays possess.
E = [removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 joules
An X-ray tube emits X-rays with a wavelength of 1.00 x 10-11 m. Calculate the energy, in electron volts, that the X-rays possess.
[removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 ev
An X-ray tube emits X-rays with a wavelength of 1.00 x 10-11 m. Determine the energy, in electron volts, possessed by the incident electrons.
[removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 ev
An X-ray tube emits X-rays with a wavelength of 1.0 x 10-11 m. Calculate the potential that must be applied across the X-ray tube to give each incident electron its energy.
[removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 ev
Calculate the highest frequency X-rays produced by 8.00 · 104 ev electrons.
[removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 Hz
A television tube can accelerate electrons to 2.00 · 104 ev. Calculate the wavelength of emitted X-rays with the highest energy.
= [removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 m
Calculate the energy, in electron volts, of X-rays that have a frequency of 1.0 x 1019 Hz.
[removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 ev
Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a 5,100 kg truck traveling at 82 kph.
= [removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 m
Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron traveling at 1.0 x 107 m/sec. (me = 9.1 · 10-31 kg).
= [removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 m
Calculate the approximate momentum change in a particle of mass 1.7 · 10-27 kg (a proton), initially at rest, whose position (x) is located to within 1.00 x 10-4 m.
mv = [removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 kg · m/sec.
Calculate the uncertainty of the velocity of a particle confined to a space of 1.0 x 10-9 m if the particle is an electron.
(me = 9.1 · 10-31 kg)
v = [removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 m/sec.
Calculate the uncertainty of the velocity of a particle confined to a space of 1.0 x 10-9 m if the particle is a proton.
(mp = 1.7 · 10-27 kg)
v = [removed]a0 x 10[removed]a1 m/sec.

Problem 1. (15’) A closed rigid tank whose volume is 1.5 m3 contains Refrigerant 134a, initially a two phase liquid vapor mixture at 10 °C. The refrigerant is heated to a final state where temperature is 50 °C and quality is 100%. Locate the initial and final states on a sketch of the − diagram. Determine the mass of vapor present at the initial and final states, each in kg.
Problem 2. (15’) Refrigerant 134a is contained in a piston-cylinder assembly, initially as saturated vapor the refrigerant is slowly heated until its temperature is 160 °C. During the process, the piston moves smoothly in the cylinder. For the refrigerant, evaluate the work per unit mass, in kJ/kg.
Problem 3. (40’) A horizontal piston-cylinder assembly (closed system) contains 0.1 kg of water, initially at 1 MPa, 500 °C. The water undergoes two processes in series: Process 1-2: Constant-pressure cooling by compression until the volume becomes half of the initial volume. And point 2 is a mixture of vapor and liquid. Process 2-3: Constant-volume cooling by heat transfer until the water cools to 25 °C. (1) Sketch process 1-3 on a T-υ diagram. (5’) (2) Neglect change of kinetic and potential energy, find the work ( 1−2) and heat transfer ( 1−2) in kJ for process 1-2. (10’+10’) (3) Neglect change of kinetic and potential energy, find the work ( 2−3) and heat transfer ( 2−3) in kJ for process 2-3. (5’+10’)
Problem 4. (10’) A closed, rigid tank is filled with a gas modeled as an ideal gas, initially at 27 °C and a gage pressure of 300 kPa. If the gas is heated to 77 °C, determine the final pressure, expressed as a gage pressure in kPa. The local atmospheric pressure is 1 atm.
Problem 5. (20’) A piston-cylinder assembly whose piston is resting on a set of stops contains 0.5 kg of helium gas, initially at 100 kPa and 25 °C. The mass of the piston and the effect of the atmospheric pressure acting on the piston are such that a gas pressure of 500 kPa is required to raise it. How much energy must be transferred by heat to the helium, in kJ, before the piston starts rising? For the helium, assume ideal gas behavior with a constant =
5 2 . Assume is a constant at all
temperatures.

3.1 A negatively charged pith ball is sus- pended by a string between two equally, but oppositely charged plates. In what direction will the pith ball swing when released?
Select One of the Following:
(a) The ball will swing to the right.
(b) The ball will swing to the left.
(c) The ball will not swing at all.
_
-Q
+
+
+
+
+ _
_
_
_
_
1
Homework Problem 3.2 The figure to the right shows an object with charge +2Q and an object with charge −Q. If four field lines exit a +Q charge, how many field lines pass through the dashed surface?
Select One of the Following:
(a) zero lines
(b) two lines
(c) four lines
(d) eight lines
(e) sixteen lines
+2Q -Q
Homework Problem 3.3 Select the one of the following that best describes the relationship between the direction of an electric field line and the velocity of a positively charged particle.
Select One of the Following:
(a) The velocity must ALWAYS be perpendicular to the electric field lines.
(b) The velocity must ALWAYS be in the direction of the electric field lines.
(c) The velocity can be, but is not limited to, the same direction as the field lines.
(d) The velocity will NEVER be in the direction of the electric field line.
(e) The velocity will always be opposite the direction of the electric field line.
Homework Problem 3.4 The figure to the right shows an electric dipole placed in an electric field. Which of the following best describes the dipole’s initial motion if it is fixed to pivot about its center?
Select One of the Following:
(a) rotates clockwise
(b) rotates counterclockwise
+
_
2
Homework Problem 3.5 Two electric dipoles are oriented so their moments are aligned with(point in the same direction as) the y-axis and their centers lie on the y-axis. Is the force between the dipoles attractive, repulsive, or zero?
Select One of the Following:
(a) attractive
(b) repulsive
(c) zero
Homework Problem 3.6 A spherical balloon has a surface charge density of σ on its outer surface and has radius a. What is the electric field outside the balloon at all points in space?
Select One of the Following:
(a) σ
ε0 r̂
(b) aσ
ε0r r̂
(c) a2σ
ε0r2 r̂
(d) σ
4πε0r2 r̂
(e) 0
Homework Problem 3.7 What relative orientation must two vectors ~A and ~B have so that the dot-product is maximum?
Select One of the Following:
(a) The vectors must point in the same direction.
(b) The vectors must point in opposite directions.
(c) The vectors must be perpendicular.
(d) The angle between the vectors must be 45◦.
(e) The angle between the vectors does not affect the value of the dot product.
3
Homework Problem 3.8 A closed surface has zero net electric flux exiting the surface. Is the electric field necessarily zero at all points on the surface?
Select One of the Following:
(a) yes
(b) no
Homework Problem 3.9 A cube has a uniform electric field normal to all six faces. The strength of the field is 6N C
outward on face 1, 6N C
outward on face 2, 3N C
inward on face 3, 6N C
outward on face 4, 6N C
inward on face 5,
and 10N C
inward on face 6. Does the cube contain a net charge? If it does, what is the sign of the net charge in the cube?
Select One of the Following:
(a) positive
(b) negative
(c) The net charge in the cube is zero.
Homework Problem 3.10 The world’s largest Van de Graaff generator produces an electric field of 4.4× 105 N C
using an electrode that is a sphere of radius 4.5m. How much total charge must be on the surface of the sphere to produce this field?
Select One of the Following:
(a) 2.2× 10−4C
(b) 9.9× 10−4C
(c) 4.5× 10−3C
(d) 3.2× 10−2C
(e) 1.1× 10−1C
4
Homework Problem 3.11 The figures below show two concentric spherical shells. The inner shell has total charge −Q and the outer shell +Q. Select the figure that correctly represents the electric field of the system.
Select One of the Following:
(a) Figure (a) (b) Figure (b) (c) Figure (c) (d) Figure (d) (e) Figure (e) (f) Figure (f)
Figure (a) Figure (b) Figure (c)
Figure (d) Figure (e) Figure (f)
Homework Problem 3.12 A hula hoop of radius 1.0m is in a uniform electric field with magnitude 1.0× 102 N C .
Its normal is perpendicular to the field (careful here). What is the flux through the hoop?
Select One of the Following:
(a) 310N C m2
(b) 620N C m2
(c) 1.0× 102 N C m2
(d) 0
5
Homework Problem 3.13 A 20cm radius sphere is filled with a uniform volume charge density 3.2×10−6C/m3. Calculate the electric flux out of the surface of the sphere.
Select One of the Following:
(a) 12, 000Nm2/C
(b) 36, 000Nm2/C
(c) 60, 000Nm2/C
(d) 180, 000Nm2/C
(e) 260, 000Nm2/C
Homework Problem 3.14 The figure to the right shows two charged spherical shells. The inner shell has radius a and charge density σa = −σ. The outer shell has radius b and charge density σb = +2σ. Calculate electric field at points in Region I inside the inner shell, at a radius of r < a.
Select One of the Following:
(a) 0
(b) − σ
4πε0r2 r̂
(c) + σ
4πε0r2 r̂
(d) − 4πa2σ
4πε0r2 r̂
(e) + 4πa2σ
4πε0r2 r̂
(f) −4πa2σ + 8πb2σ
4πε0r2 r̂
a
x
y
b
Air
Air
Air
I
II
III
6
Homework Problem 3.15 An electric dipole is located at the center of each of the following figures. Which of the field maps drawn below best represents the field of the dipole if the dipole moment points to the top of the page?
Select One of the Following:
(a) Figure (a) (b) Figure (b) (c) Figure (c) (d) Figure (d)
Figure (a) Figure (b)
Figure (c) Figure (d)
7
Open Response Questions
All questions in this section must be worked. One of the questions will be graded.
Homework Problem 3.16 Draw the electric field map for four charges arranged in a square. Three of the charges are +q and one is −q. Select four points on the map and draw the direction and relative magnitude of the electric field at each point. Read this information from your map.
8
Homework Problem 3.17 Consider the system of three point charges at the right. All charges are positive. The center charge has charge +2Q while the other charges each have charge +Q.
(a)On a separate sheet of paper, draw the field map of the system of charges at the right using 2 lines per Q. Locate the points A and B as carefully as possible on the your field map.
(b)At point A draw the electric field vector based on your
map. Label the vector ~EA.
(c)At point A draw the direction of the force a positive charge would feel if placed at the point. Clearly label this vector ~FA.
(d)At point B draw a barbell dipole with dipole moment pointing to the bottom of the page.
(e)Indicate direction of initial rotation of the dipole.
+Q
+Q
+2Q
A
B
9
Homework Problem 3.18 A +2.0nC charge is located at (−1.5m, 0, 0). An −2.0nC charge is located at (+1.5m, 0, 0). The point P is located at (0, 2.6m, 0).
(a)Draw the above system, and draw the individual and resultant electric field vectors at point P .
(b)Find the electric field at point P .
(c)A −10µC charge is placed at point P , find the electric force on this charge.
10
Homework Problem 3.19 Three concentric thin spherical shells have charges−Q, +3Q, −Q, and radii a < b < c, respectively. Calculate the electric field everywhere. Draw the electric field everywhere using 4 lines per Q.