1.
As a baseball is being thrown, it goes from 0.0 to 40.0 m/s in 0.18 s.
(a) What is the acceleration of the baseball?
(b) What is the acceleration in g’s?
2.
A child sits on the edge of a spinning merry-go-round that has a radius of 3.0 m. The child’s speed is 5 m/s. What is the child’s acceleration?
3.
During a NASCAR race a car goes 78 m/s around a curved section of track that has a radius of 240 m. What is the car’s acceleration?
4.
Initially stationary (the train starts at rest), a train has a constant acceleration of 0.6 m/s2.
(a) What is its speed after 38 s?
(b) What would be the total time it would take to reach a speed of 43 m/s?
5.
A rock is dropped off the side of a bridge and hits the water below 5.9 s later.
(a) What was the rock’s velocity when it hit the water?
Speed?
Direction?
(b) What was the rock’s average velocity as it fell?
Speed?
Direction?
(c) What is the height of the bridge above the water?
6.
During takeoff, an airplane goes from 0 to 56 m/s in 9 s.
(a) What is its acceleration?
(b) How fast is it going after 4 s?
(c) How far has it traveled by the time it reaches 56 m/s?
7.
A high-performance sports car can go from 0 to 100 mph in 8.0 s. (Assume the car travels in the positive direction. Indicate the direction with the sign of your answer.)
(a) What is the car’s average acceleration (in SI units; meter-kilogram-second)?
(b) The same car can come to a complete stop from 26 m/s in 5.7 s. What is its average acceleration?
8.
A passenger jet flies from one airport to another 1,353 miles away in 2.7 h. Find its average speed in the mks system of units.
9.
What are the “basic” or “fundamental” physical quantities? (Select all that apply.)
___mass
___speed
___area
___distance
___time
Why are they called that?
10.
List the physical quantities identified in this chapter. From which of the fundamental physical quantities is each derived? Which of them are vectors, and which are scalars?
11.
What is the distinction between speed and velocity? Describe a situation in which an object’s speed is constant but its velocity is not.
13.
What does the slope of a distance-versus-time graph represent physically?
___area
___time
___velocity
___displacement
___acceleration

06.1 A system of two paint buckets connected by a lightweight rope (see diagram) is released from rest with the 6.0-kg bucket 2.00 m above the floor. Find the speed of buckets when the 6.0-kg bucket hits the ground. You can assume that there is no friction and that the pulley and rope are massless.
06.2 A mass m = 0.50 kg is pushed against the end of a spring, compressing it by an amount d = 40 cm from its relaxed position. The spring has spring constant k = 15 N/m. The mass is released from rest and slides along a flat frictionless surface. It then slides into a frictionless semicircle of radius R = 60 cm (see diagram).
(a) What is the largest angle the mass reaches before it stops?
(b) What is the normal force when the mass reaches its largest angle obtained in part (a)?
06.3 A 3.0-kg block is connected to two ideal horizontal springs having force constants k1 = 14.0 N/cm and k2 = 20.0 N/cm (see diagram). The system is initially in equilibrium on a horizontal frictionless surface. The block is then pushed 12 cm to the right and released from rest. (a) What is the maximum speed of the block, and where does this occur? (b) As the block moves to the left, what is the maximum compression of spring 1? 06.4 An 80-kg bicyclist coasts down a hill that makes a 12o angle with the horizontal at a speed of 8.0 m/s. (a) If the drag force is given by Fdrag = -bv, what is the drag coefficient b? (b) If when peddling the bicyclist can generate 0.60 hp, how fast can he go up the hill?

1. hyperopia is usually corrected with
A.
cylindrical lenses
B.
achromatic doublet lenses
C.
diverging lenses
D.
converging lenses
5 points
QUESTION 2
1. myopia is usually corrected with
A.
cylindrical lenses
B.
achromatic doublet lenses
C.
diverging lenses
D.
converging lenses
5 points
QUESTION 3
1. The far point of a near-sighted person
A.
is usually closer than 25 cm from the eye
B.
is at infinity
C.
is usually farther than 25 cm from the eye but less than infinity
D.
is 25 cm from the eye
5 points
QUESTION 4
1. As a person ages, their eyelenses become less and less able to squeeze themselves into the proper shape needed to bring light from nearby sources into a focus on the retina. This occurs because
A.
The eyelens changes shape as we age
B.
The index of refraction of the eyelens becomes smaller as we age
C.
Additional layers form on the eyelens, insulating it from the vitreous humor liquid and making it less flexible
D.
The eyelens moves farther into the eye as we age
5 points
QUESTION 5
1. For three people, their eyeglass prescriptions specify the following: +3D, -3D and bifocals. These three people are, respectively
A.
Hyperopic, myopic, presbyopic
B.
Astigmatic, myopic, presbyopic
C.
Myopic, presbyopic, hyperopic
D.
None of the above
5 points
QUESTION 6
1. The benefit of using a Schmidt corrector plate in a reflecting telescope is that
A.
It bends the incoming parallel rays just enough to correct for the spherical aberration of the primary mirror
B.
It covers the top of the telescope tube, keeping dirt and air currents out of the tube
C.
Both A and B
D.
It brings the rays to a focus
5 points
QUESTION 7
1. An object sits at the focal point of a parabolic mirror. At what distance from the mirror will the image of the object be created?
A.
It will be imaged at half its focal length
B.
It will be imaged at its focal length
C.
It will be imaged at twice its focal length
D.
None – the beams will be reflected parallel to each other and no image will be formed
5 points
QUESTION 8
1. Why do reflecting telescopes use curved mirrors instead of flat mirrors?
A.
To make converging beams of light become parallel
B.
To redirect parallel beams of light to converge to a point
C.
Because curved mirrors reflect light in a wavelength-dependent way
D.
None of the above
5 points
QUESTION 9
1. The reason why chromatic aberration isn’t a problem for reflecting telescopes is that
A.
The law of reflection holds for all wavelengths, so blue light and red light are reflected by the same amount
B.
The shape of the mirror in a reflector telescope can compensate for the chromatic aberration
C.
Only specific wavelengths of light are reflected
D.
A and C
5 points
QUESTION 10
1. The more curved a convex lens becomes, the smaller its focal length becomes, and vice versa. What then is the focal length of a flat, plane piece of glass?
A.
zero
B.
depends on the index of refraction, n, of the glass
C.
it’s effectively infinite
D.
it’s very small if illuminated by red light, and very large if illuminated by blue light
5 points
QUESTION 11
1. How does the light-gathering power of an 8-meter telescope compare to a 3-meter telescope?
A.
It is about 2.5 times larger
B.
It is about 5 times larger
C.
It is about 7 times larger
D.
It is about 7 times smaller
5 points
QUESTION 12
1. I am nearsighted (myopic), so instead of my far point being infinitely far away, it’s ony 80 cm away. How many diopters will my prescription glasses need?
A.
-1.25D
B.
+1.25D
C.
+2.75D
D.
none; my vision is fine!
5 points
QUESTION 13
1. The figure shows a schematic diagram of a defective eye and some lenses. Which of the lenses shown can correct for this defect?
A.
(biconvex lens)
B.
(planar lens)
C.
(plano-concave lens)
D.
(bi-concave lens)
E.
(negative meniscus lens)
5 points
QUESTION 14
1. When the ciliary muscles of the eye remain tensed for a significant period of time, eyestrain results. Which of the following instruments is least related to eye strain?
A.
A telescope
B.
A microscope
C.
A magnifying glass
D.
Sunglasses
5 points
QUESTION 15
1. Observatories are usually located on mountaintops because
A.
On the mountaintop it’s closer to the stars
B.
Higher up the air is steadier and drier, and this makes for better seeing of the sky
C.
There is less wind on a mountaintop
D.
It’s usually warmer on mountaintops, making it easier on astronomers
5 points
QUESTION 16
1. I have a refracting telescope with an objective lens focal length f=200 mm. I have three possible eyepieces I can use with this telescope, having focal lengths of 9 mm, 25mm and 50 mm. I want to look at the planet Jupiter though the telescope, and I would like to make out details on the banded clouds encircling the planet (i.e., I’d like to see a highly magnified view). Which eyepiece would I best use for this?
A.
9 mm
B.
25 mm
C.
50 mm
D.
It doesn’t matter which one
5 points
QUESTION 17
1. Similar to the above question, I have a refracting telescope with an objective lens focal length f=200 mm. I have three possible eyepieces I can use with this telescope, having focal lengths of 9 mm, 25mm and 50 mm. I want to look at a cluster of stars which are well spread apart from each other on the sky. Which eyepiece would I best use for this?
A.
9 mm
B.
25 mm
C.
50 mm
D.
It doesn’t matter which one
5 points
QUESTION 18
1. By the Rayleigh criterion, if I use a 4-meter telescope, I can make out stars that are ____ as far apart
as stars observed through a 2-meter telescope
A.
Equally
B.
Half
C.
Twice
D.
None of the above
5 points
QUESTION 19
1. Parallel rays of light are shown entering the lens system in the attached diagram. The two lenses are separated by their combined focal lengths. Which answer best describes the rays after they pass through the second lens?
A.
Beam widens (but rays still parallel)
B.
Beam narrows (but rays still parallel)
C.
Beam is focused
D.
Beam diverges
5 points
QUESTION 20
1. Which of these statements best explains why a telescope enables us to see details of a distant object such as the Moon or a planet more clearly?
A.
The telescope only lets through shorter wavelengths which are easier for our eye to detect
B.
The image formed by the telescope allows us to make out the object in more detail
C.
The image formed by the telescope is larger than the object
D.
Both B and C: the image is larger and we resolve more detail