What is the purpose of having these “holes”? What gases enter/ exit this hole? The guard cells control the size of the stomata by swelling and shrinking.

Directions: In this module you read about specialized cell types called guard cells. These cells are usually found on the bottom side of the leaf and control the size of stomata (“holes” in the leaf where gas exchange occurs). Think about the following questions in regards to these structures:

What is the purpose of having these “holes”? What gases enter/ exit this hole? The guard cells control the size of the stomata by swelling and shrinking.
What is the mechanism for the swelling and shrinking that take place here? (Hint: Guard cells are specialized cells that have a plasma membrane barrier and the ability to control the solute level inside/ outside of the cell.)
For your initial post, choose one of the questions above and discuss. Please make sure that you are contributing unique thoughts on whichever point you choose.

Dr. Arbus is interested in learning how children come to understand their multifaceted world. In her research, she asks questions like, “When do infants discover that they are separate beings, distinct from other people and objects?”

1. During early childhood, gender-stereotyped beliefs
A. first emerge.
B. strengthen.
C. weaken.
D. disappear.
2. Gender-schematic thinking is so powerful that when children see others behaving in gender-inconsistent ways, they
A. become more pronounced in their gender segregation as well as gender-role conformity.
B. experience a crisis of gender labeling that disrupts peer interactions.
C. object and tell that person not to behave in such a way.
D. often can’t remember the behavior or distort their memory to make it gender-consistent.
3. The connection between mature moral reasoning and action is
A. nonexistent due to the fact that theoretical morality and real-life morality are based on different constructs.
B. weak due to the impact of personal relationships on the decision-making process.
C. modest due to the influence of empathy, sympathy, and guilt.
D. strong due to the realization that behavior reflects thinking and judgments.
4. Dr. Arbus is interested in learning how children come to understand their multifaceted world. In her research, she asks questions like, “When do infants discover that they are separate beings, distinct from other people and objects?” Dr. Arbus is studying
A. the inner self.
B. social cognition.
C. personality development.
D. self-concept.
5. Colin says, “I’m Colin. I’m 6 years old and have two older brothers. I’m good at running and football. I’m not very good at wrestling, and I don’t like doing my chores. Sometimes I get mad at my brothers.” Colin is constructing his
A. self-concept.
B. remembered self.
C. theory of mind.
D. autobiographical narrative.
6. Research findings suggest that language is _______ teach children about gender stereotypes and gender roles.
A. the only method to
B. the primary means through which parents
C. not a factor in the way that parents
D. a powerful indirect means to
7. Twin studies reveal that empathy is _______ heritable.
A. slightly
B. highly
C. rarely
D. moderately
8. Which of the following statements is an example of recursive thought?
A. “If she doesn’t give me the book, I’m going to tell the teacher.”
B. “Mommy is mad because I hit my sister.”
C. “I thought you would think I was just kidding when I said that.”
D. “My teacher is always happy.”
9. During the evening drive home, Mr. Cruz looks at his 4-year-old daughter in the rearview mirror and asks what she’s doing. She responds, “I’m thinking inside.” Her response indicates an awareness of the _______ self.
A. categorical
B. enduring
C. remembered
D. inner
10. Eight-year-old Oren has just begun describing other people’s personalities. He is most likely to describe someone as
A. “tall and thin.”
B. “boring and dull.”
C. “angry and sad.”
D. “always fighting with people.”
11. In the United States, _______ students are the most isolated group.
A. white
B. Hispanic
C. black
D. Asian
12. Because cross-cultural findings on the reversals of traditional gender roles are inconclusive, a more direct test of the importance of biology on gender typing could be achieved by
A. studying adolescent boys and girls in tribal villages.
B. observing other-sex play in children who score high in androgyny.
C. observing infant behavioral preferences immediately after birth.
D. testing the impact of sex hormones on gender typing.
13. To manage her emotion, 12-year-old Britney appraises the situation as changeable, identifies the difficulty, and decides what to do about it. Britney is using
A. problem-centered coping.
B. emotion-centered coping.
C. emotional self-efficacy.
D. a secure base.
14. _______ is the only emotion that males express more freely than females in everyday interaction.
A. Anger
B. Sorrow
C. Embarrassment
D. Envy
15. Which of the following four babies who went to the doctor for the same vaccination will most likely remember it better?
A. Mari, who smiled and cooed at the doctor
B. Bina, who was highly upset by the injection
C. Wyatt, who was startled by the injection, but didn’t cry
D. Juan, who remained alert throughout the appointment
16. Mastery-oriented children focus on learning goals, whereas learned-helpless children focus on _______ goals.
A. performance
B. specific
C. short-term
D. social
17. Temper tantrums tend to occur because toddlers
A. frequently compete with siblings for desired toys.
B. are easily overwhelmed and often have a difficult temperament.
C. recall that crying as an infant got them immediate adult attention.
D. can’t control the intense anger that often arises when an adult rejects their demands.

18. After seeing two little boys taunt another child on the playground, Najai tells the teacher that they should make playground rules that protect other people’s rights and welfare. Najai is requesting a common set of
A. social conventions.
B. moral imperatives.
C. moral ideals.
D. matters of personal choice.
19. In 1990, shyness in Chinese children was positively associated with being well-adjusted. However, as China’s market economy exp

read the Spotlight on Society on page 177 of Chapter 8, answer all the questions at the end and add this one: Do you think this could ever happen in the US?

There are 3 parts of this homework.

Please read the instructions for each part carefully, and read the attachment (For Part B, use the decision making model form attached to put the anwers.)

Read the Chapter 8 attached here before doing the homework.

PART A: attached is the WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF which has 5 open ended questions that is attached (above) .This chapter covers many issues that YOU will face in the future. So, I think you should answer these questions about your opinion and what you might do. LIST ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THIS BOX, then answer each as YOU think you would act. ONE paragraph on each. “WHat would you do i”is below.

PART B: Read case study below and complete the decision making model attached TO put yourself in her place.(USE THE DECISION MAKING MODEL ATTACHED TO INPUT THE ANSWER)

Case: Martha Lawrence was very nervous when she went to the human genetics unit at the hospital. Her doctor had referred her because she was unexpectedly pregnant at age 41 and she was at risk for having a child with Down syndrome. She was 18 weeks (4+ months) which would not leave much time for an abortion considering the results of the amniocentesis takes 2 weeks.

Mothers of this age group have a 20 times higher chance of having a baby with a chromosomal abnormality (one more, one less or other).

Ms. Lawrence has had two other pregnancies that were normal. Her other children are 13 and 17. The genetic counselor, Dr. Gould, suggested an amniocentesis (removal of fluid from around the fetus) to determine the karyotype of the fetus.

The test showed that the baby did not have an extra 21 chromosome and therefore did not have Downs. But the sex chromosomes showed an abnormal karyotype of XYY, Jacob’s syndrome. Review what you know about XYY syndrome.

PART C: read the Spotlight on Society on page 177 of Chapter 8, answer all the questions at the end and add this one: Do you think this could ever happen in the US?