Compare and Contrast Theories of Counseling

Compare and Contrast Theories of Counseling

There are many theories behind the different counseling modalities. Some counselors will adhere to one specific theory, focusing treatment types to the tenets of that theory. Other counselors will adopt a more eclectic counseling foundation, drawing key ideas from multiple theories and combining many treatment types to suit their clients.

For this assignment, create a chart that outlines the following counseling theories: behavior theory, psychoanalytic theory, cognitive-behavioral theory, and person centered theory. For each theory, cover the following aspects:

  • Goals of therapy
  • Types of treatment
  • Theoretical explanation of where substance use or abuse stems from
  • Characteristics of the client that would be the best fit for this theory

Download a copy of the chart template which you can use to create your chart.

Once your chart is complete, address the following questions:

  • Describe the similarities and differences between the different therapeutic theories.
  • According to you, which approach or combination of approaches best fits you as a future counselor?

Write a 4–5-page paper (including the chart) in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M1_A3.doc.

 

 

 

HERE IS THE DOWNLOADED CHART

 

Four Counseling Theories

 

   

 

Goals of Therapy

 

Types of Treatment

 

Origins of Substance Abuse

 

Client Characteristics for Best Fit

Behavior Theory        
Psychoanalytic Theory        
Cognitive-Behavioral Theory        
Person Centered Theory        

 

Introduction and Data Analysis

I. Introduction and Data Analysis

a) Introduce the client’s case you chose by briefly recapping the background of the client you are assessing. What is the reason for referral? State the presenting problem and the questions to be addressed through your evaluation of the data. Relate the problem to the APA Ethical Code and the psychological assessment issues that could be encountered.

b) In your response, consider who is making the referral and how this impacts your assessment of the data; is the intended consumer of the report a parent, a school system, a mental health practitioner, a probation officer, or another stakeholder?

c) Describe how you will analyze your data by considering the following questions. What is the best way to organize your data to address your referral question? How do you make this technical information useful and understandable for the intended reader? Justify your choice of method with other research.

II. Observation

a) Using the field notes provided and, referring to the specific testing instruments and methods used, describe the pertinent client behaviors and test conditions relevant to test outcomes and conclusions. What is the setting for the observation? Was it a natural or contrived situation? Was the subject aware of the observation (Hawthorne effect)? How did the observed behaviors relate to the referral question?

b) How did the subject respond to testing? What was his or her level of comfort, effort, emotional state, and so on? Using other research, justify how the subject’s behavior could have been impacted by the test conditions.

III. Benefits and Limitations

a) Provide a rationale for the test selection used, a brief description of the tests used, and the obtained scores.

b) For each test performed in the case history, assess the different approaches used by examining the benefits and limitations of each test performed.

c) Relate the tests performed to the APA Ethical Code; did each test follow ethical guidelines? Justify your viewpoint by using current research and theory.

IV. Conclusions

a) Given test behaviors, how confident are you in your results? Rationalize and justify your opinion with research.

b) Address the common themes and/or contradictions in your client’s test results. What common themes emerged from the data? In your response, relate the results to the referral question. What information in your data is most relevant to your referral question?

c) Discuss the limitations of testing or threats to the reliability or validity of the results. What suggestions would you make for additional assessment?

d) What evidence do you have to report to the psychologist to help her make a diagnosis? How might this evidence inform her diagnosis? Thoroughly explain your conclusion.

V. Recommendations

a) Given the conclusions you made, explain whether or not you have enough information to make recommendations for treatment or other interventions. If so, identify, explain, and justify with research what your recommendations for future assessments would be.

b) Explain how your recommendations are consistent with evidence-based practice by relating your response to current and relevant research.

VI. Reflection

a) Upon completion of your recommendations section, reflect on the process and work you did to create this report. Address what evidence you found most useful and why.

b) What additional client information would have been useful? How would you obtain it?

c) What have you learned through this process? What would you like to know more about?

Milestone One: Draft of Introduction and Data Analysis Milestones In Module Two, you will submit a two- to three-page draft of the Final Project’s Introduction and Data Analysis section.

The first step to creating a professional psychological report begins with considering the client’s background and reason for referral and the conditions surrounding why an assessment is needed, who the stakeholder of the assessment is, and whether or not the factors surrounding the client’s situation could impact the assessment. In this milestone, you will first be choosing a case history to analyze, “Barbara B.,” and you will also need to describe how you will be analyzing your data. The work you do in this milestone will impact the analysis and recommendations you will make in future milestones. This milestone is graded with the Milestone One Rubric.

Milestone Two: Draft of Observation and Benefits and Limitations In Module Four, you will submit a two- to three-page draft of the final project’s Observation and Benefits and Limitations sections. In this milestone, you begin to analyze the data in your client’s case history’s dossier. You will be addressing how the client’s behaviors and the test conditions impacted the test results. You will also closely examine the different tests used to determine the benefits and limitations of each. Finally, you will consider whether or not the assessments were conducted ethically. All of your observations and insights will need to be supported with current research and accepted professional practices. This milestone is graded with the Milestone Two Rubric.

Milestone Three: Draft of Conclusions, Recommendations, and Reflection In Module Six, you will submit a two- to three-page draft of the final project’s Conclusions, Recommendations, and Reflection sections. This milestone provides you an opportunity to work more closely with your data by requiring you to identify common themes that emerged from the data, to analyze the reliability and validity of the data, to offer recommendations for the client, and to reflect on the entire process. Milestone Three also culminates the work you did in the first two milestones. This milestone is graded with the Milestone Three Rubric.

ETHICAL AND HUMAN SERVICE DIVERSITY 1

Running head: ETHICAL AND HUMAN SERVICE DIVERSITY 1

ETHICAL AND HUMAN SERVICE DIVERSITY 8

Ethical and Human Service Diversity

Priscilla Hill

Capella University

Ethical and human diversity at work place

In this case, we are going to look at ethical and human diversity in service at the workplace. The Human services are produced in suspicion and reaction of human needs. The calling is described by a positive gathering of human needs considering the majority of their assorted variety. In the setting of group and condition, Human administrations experts offer help to their customers and serve their specific needs. A need of morals in human administrations calling is of significant significance. Ethics are rules which speak to set of gauges of lead that is viewed as moral by experts and instructors. Morals in spite of the fact that not authoritative report but rather help to aid settlement of issues and issues identified with moral issues in human administrations calling (Cascio, 2018).

Human services experts are enter players in Human administrations division. In this exceedingly tweaked calling, human administration proficient collaborates often with families, people and gatherings and so forth, all these are their customers. Human administrations experts are caseworkers, they are a parental figure, instructor, specialist, advisor, legal counselor, and analysts and so on in the accompanying area, some moral norms are characterized for human administrations experts (Congress, 2017).

A human service expert can convey its administrations in a better way on the off chance that he is very much aware of the significance of morals in his calling. Code of morals in human administrations calling advances put stock in, classification, acknowledgment, and arrangement of customer’s privilege of self-assurance and educated assent. Medicinal services experts and other individuals engaged with human administrations process should regard the right of protection of their customers. In human administration, customers are sharing their extremely classified data and issues with experts, since they need from experts to tackle their issues. It ends up extreme duty of these experts to build up the relationship of trust and trustworthiness with customers and keep their data classified, and don’t impart it to others in any case some outstanding circumstances when need to talk about it with their group or other expert so as to take care of out the issue of their customer. Indeed, even for this situation, data ought not to be shared without the composed assent of the customer (Crosson-Tower, 2017).

To make the individual a gainful piece of society is likewise an extreme objective of human administrations experts. Now and again, customers don’t have the foggiest idea about the main problem he/she is confronting, this might be a mental or wellbeing related issue, in this circumstance, human administrations experts first locate the genuine reason and after that goes for its answer. Each state and nation has some legitimate system and laws for society, these laws are made for individuals from the society which is people, so the mindfulness and learning of neighborhood and government laws of state or nation is basic for human administration experts as their calling is about people. The experts should be moral goals while regarding for all societies, convictions, and connections (Khan, 2018).

Moral measures for human administration laborers require energy and devotion by experts and specialists also. Honesty, following the laws, consistency with approaches and manages, keeping up the customer records and case documents and so on all incorporate proficient morals prerequisites. Aside from their immediate support of customers, human administration experts additionally have obligation to challenge social foul play and group strengthening (Mackelprang, & Salsgiver, 2016).

In the event that the code of morals isn’t utilized and polished in human administrations calling, it will convey decimation to society. There will be no connection of trust and respectability can be created among experts and society. Individuals will feel hesitant to impart their issues to their experts as they will have no surety that their data will be kept secret. Accordingly, society will endure everywhere as individuals will lead lives brimming with issues and stresses since human administrations work with point of better existences of their customers and to make every one of the individuals from society beneficial and dynamic piece of society. Without moral practices and responsibility of experts to take after these practices, the mission of human administrations can’t be accomplished. Conceding the significance of moral practices, each human administrations association has the code of morals all individuals are urged to take after. So in the event that we create and rehearse our own code of morals to exceed expectations in our calling, it will be a decent system to take after that will make ready for achievement in future (McPhaden, 2018).

Compelling services of assorted variety depends on the acknowledgment of shared characteristics and familiarity with contrast. Overseeing social assorted variety includes recognizing the accepted procedures. A best practice is a strategy, strategy, process, action, motivator, or reward that is accepted to be more successful at conveying a specific result than some other system, technique, process, and so on when connected to a specific condition or situation. He gives specific significance to decent variety preparing programs, giving directors assorted variety related objectives and ensuring they are met lastly, offering admiration to individuals of all races, that is, accounting for religious occasions, abstain from food inclinations and so on., in light of the fact that occasionally it’s the easily overlooked details that issue the most. Leading careful needs evaluation with the goal that the decent variety activities are custom fitted to the circumstance”. Another recommendation is to build up a procedure remembering the ecological setting of the association in this manner reverberating the consequences of the exploration completed. One more point that they touched in their paper was the requirement for creating a framework to assess the impacts of assorted variety administration procedures created by associations with the goal that as good as ever methodologies can advance by taking in the missteps from past ones (Miley, Melia & DuBois, 2016).

Different examinations on the topic give some exceptionally fascinating outcomes. Article reviews the later examinations on decent variety. Here I might want to discuss two of them. To start with, the examination of the US managing an accounting industry, which picked 63 banks from 3 states in light of 3 distinct components, California (high racial assorted variety), Kentucky (low racial decent variety) and North Carolina (money related riches). The examination demonstrated that there was no immediate connection amongst decent variety and execution rather it depended more on the organizations’ business systems. At the point when the technique was more centered on development there was a positive connection amongst decent variety and execution, however, the outcome was inverse when the system moved towards cutting back (Neukrug, 2016).

Once more, the above investigation, despite the fact that viewed as profitable data, just incorporated the US keeping money industry so it can’t be said to delineate the total picture along these lines extended the degree to different ventures and concentrated the connection between racial assorted variety and middle of the road and additionally long haul firm execution and the part that natural setting plays in this. The outcomes demonstrated that at high and additionally low levels of racial assorted variety, there was a curvilinear positive connection between racial decent variety and middle firm execution. The outcome additionally demonstrated a positive relationship between’s racial decent variety and long-haul firm execution. However, these outcomes were reliant on the sort of industry and natural security, implying that the molded connection between racial assorted variety and firm execution would be weaker in unsteady conditions contrasted with a steady one (Sundel & Sundel, 2017).

The inexorably differing working environment is reliably posturing more current difficulties for an association. In this manner, there is a requirement for associations to understand the significance of contriving assorted variety administration techniques. These procedures require exhaustive arranging and taking a gander at all perspectives and in addition, the subsequent results that will emerge from a specific methodology in light of the fact that a decent system can do ponders for an association (Trittin, & Schoeneborn, 2017).

In the meantime, these systems could reverse discharge if there is an absence of arranging or research before execution. Subsequent to assessing the previously mentioned writing, one can see that social assorted variety is an unpredictable marvel. Its part in enhancing authoritative execution relies upon different components, for instance, the ecological setting, the kind of industry, hierarchical systems, and so on. Besides social decent variety alone does not ensure prompt, unmistakable changes in authoritative, gathering, or individual execution. In any case, accomplishing a socially assorted workforce and successfully dealing with this workforce can yield colossal advantages.

References

Cascio, W. (2018). Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education.

Congress, E. P. (2017). What social workers should know about ethics: Understanding and resolving practice dilemmas. Social Work Ethics, 1909.

Crosson-Tower, C. (2017). Exploring child welfare: A practice perspective. Pearson.

Khan, H. A. (2018). Globalization and the Challenges of Public Administration: Governance, Human Resources Management, Leadership, Ethics, E-Governance and Sustainability in the 21st Century.

Mackelprang, R. W., & Salsgiver, R. (2016). Disability: A diversity model approach in human service practice. Oxford University Press.

McPhaden, M. (2018). American Geophysical Union adopts and implements a new scientific integrity and professional ethics policy. Scientific integrity and ethics in the geosciences, 67-76.

Miley, K. K., O’Melia, M. W., & DuBois, B. L. (2016). Generalist social work practice: An empowering approach. Pearson.

Neukrug, E. S. (2016). Theory, practice, and trends in human services: An introduction. Cengage Learning.

Sundel, M., & Sundel, S. S. (2017). Behavior change in the human services: Behavioral and cognitive principles and applications. Sage Publications.

Trittin, H., & Schoeneborn, D. (2017). Diversity as polyphony: Reconceptualizing diversity Management from a communication-centered perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 144(2), 305-322.

Post an explanation of “the dichotomy between micro and macro” practice

By Day 4

Post an explanation of “the dichotomy between micro and macro” practice. Then, describe how micro practice has come to dominate the social work profession.

Required Readings

Popple, P. R., & Leighninger, L. (2015). The policy-based profession: An introduction to social welfare policy analysis for social workers. (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Chapter 1, “The Policy-Based Profession” (pp. 5-19)

Steen, J. A. (2012). Critical thought within the social welfare policy course. Journal of Teaching in Social Work, 32(1), 14–28.
Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.

PROJECT MILESTONE TWO 1.

Running head: PROJECT MILESTONE TWO 1.

PROJECT MILESTONE TWO 2.

Running head: FINAL PROJECT MILESTONE 3.

Final Project Milestone One

Southern New Hampshire University

January 6th, 2019

Research question: “Does self-disclosure of the therapist improve eating disorder treatment.”

Hypothesis: Self-disclosure of the therapist improves eating disorder treatment.

The key variables for this research are self-disclosure of the therapist and eating disorder treatment. This research will focus on online research whereby participants will be recruited from an eating disorder charity database. The participants will be asked about the status of their condition and how they feel about having the disorder. The neutral condition will be that the therapists will disclose their sexuality and their feelings towards the patients’ conditions and personality (Marziliano, Pessin, Rosenfeld, & Breitbart, 2018).

The study will continue for two months with the therapists making contact with the participants once every week. These conditions will form the independent variables. The dependent variable would be participants continued to receive positive self-disclosures from the therapist leading to a greater level of patient self-disclosure which lowered their shame, and encouraged the participants to continue with the treatment process. The participants will also be asked if they have been involved in any treatment before, and how they could describe their therapeutic alliance (Fuertes, Moore, & Ganley, 2018).

A longitudinal study and the rate of drop-out will be used to gather more information about the participants. The collected data will then be analyzed in relation to the independent variables by the end of the study. One of the ethical issues which will be looked into while conducting the study is informed consent. Participants will be informed about the purpose of the research and will have the right to participate or not participate in it. Secondly, the research will ensure the privacy and confidentiality of every participant.

Annotated Bibliography:

Secrecy and concealment are typical behaviors in individuals with eating problems. In the article titled “ Self-Disclosure in eating disorders,” researchers examined women with greater related eating issues and determined whether or not, these women would be willing to disclose information. In this study, different types of disclosure were calculated considering the body appearance of the individual and to restrained eating. This article would benefit my research because it provides great information that will confirm my theory and test my hypothesis.

Abstract 1.

Those who suffer from eating disorders are very emotional beings. Often times, some may not feel a need to express their need to not eat foods. Many women become self-conscious about their weight and find it hard to share their feelings on their bodies. Compulsive exercising, eating healthy, and extreme dieting has become the norm for the everyday American. Having so much focus on these things can make it difficult for one not to struggle with eating disorders. In addition, it can become quite difficult for one to share their struggle with family, friends, or a professional. These insights provide how it may be difficult for individuals to disclose information on their issue

MILESTONE THREE 5

MILESTONE THREE 5

Running head: MILESTONE THREE 1

Milestone Three

Personal Value System Ethical Conflicts

Susan Prather

PSY-570 Ethical Practice in Psychology

Dr. Andrea Felch

October 8, 2017

APA Code of Ethics Prinicples

There are five principles of the American Psychological Association (APA). Each was written to be a guideline for psychology professionals to follow to ensure decisions and advise given have the clients’ best interest in mind.

Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence – Psychology professionals make every effort to only benefit those they work with, and to do no harm. Psychologist take extra precaution to safeguard associates and others their work may effect, and resolve conflicts that occur in ways that minimize harm to those involved (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility – Psychology professionals establish and maintain trusting relationships with coworkers, stay aware of their professional responsibilities to their communities and society as a whole, and minimize conflicts of interest by upholding professional standards consulting other professionals when necessary (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Principle C: Integrity – Psychology professionals only report and promote accurate findings and support those colleagues in which do the same in their teachings and practice. Psychology professionals make efforts to keep promises and when techniques are used in which causes mistrust, a psychology professional must work to mend that trust, and do no harm (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Principle D: Justice – Psychology professionals understand that all persons, no matter what; are entitled to fairness and justice and should benefit from all psychology has to offer. Psychology professionals use and exercise reasonable judgment and are careful not to allow their potential biases to interfere with their work, and to only work within the boundaries of their competence (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity – Psychology professionals respect the dignity and worth of all people, no matter of culture, occupation, sexual orientation, race, gender, gender identity, socioeconomic status, or any other factor, nor do they knowingly participate in activities that do (American Psychological Association, 2017).

In the case vignette, Dr. Qualm is facing ethical conflicts with the following principals. Principle A – psychology professionals have a responsibility to do no harm and to not their biases interfere with their profession. If Dr. Qualm does testify, Mr. Beastly may not be sentenced to death; and if he does not testify; he may be sentenced to death. Dr. Qualm is also facing an ethical conflict with Principle B could be affected by him not testifying, since he is an expert in the field.

Another ethical conflict in regard to Dr. Qualm is Principal D- will justice really be served if he does not testify on behalf of the defendant? It is a mental health professional’s obligation to make sure that his decision are just to all those involved; including ones that he does not agree with. The last Principal tenet that Dr. Qualm has an ethical conflict with is Principal E. By not testifying, Dr. Qualm is not respecting the rights and dignity of an individual that deserves it just like any other individual.

APA Code of Ethics Standards

In addition to the Code of Ethical Principals, there are ten standards the APA believes psychological professionals should practice.

Standard 1: Resolving Ethical Issues – Professionals should maintain a professional decorum when there is an ethical issue with another colleague, including discrimination and retaliation towards colleagues that file a complaint (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Standard 2: Competence – Psychological professionals unless emergency, should refer clients to other professionals in which is more capable and competent. Only in cases of emergency, should a psychology professional treat a client outside of their necessary training (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Standard 3: Human Relations – Professionals should follow when it comes to multiple relationships, discrimination, harassment including sexual harassment, and other rights that should be bestowed to clients (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Standard 4: Privacy and Confidentiality – Psychological professionals are to secure private and confidential information and keep information out of the hands of anyone that could do the client harm, keeping the clients’ best interest in mind (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Standard 5: Advertising and Other Public Statements – Psychology professionals are responsible for any advertising statements done on their behalf, be them true or false. Descriptions of seminars and workshops need to be accurate (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Standard 6: Record Keeping and Fees – Psychology professionals are to maintain their client files, must not misrepresent their fees, if they agree to bartering with a client, standard 6 stipulates in which ways bartering is appropriate (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Standard 7: Education and Training – Courses and teachings should be accurate and students and or supervisees are not required to give personal information in coursework (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Standard 8: Research and Publication – Provide true and accurate information to their institution if required to seek permission to conduct research, signed consent, as well as an understanding when it comes to deception in research (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Standard 9: Assessments – Appropriate use of assessments, when and how to release scores from assessments, as well as making sure obsolete assessments are not used (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Standard 10: Therapy – A standard that explains to professionals when it is not appropriate to engage in a therapeutic relationship with clients, explaining professionals not having sexual relations with clients and making sure to get signed consent when necessary (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Standard three addresses the issues of human relations. If Dr. Qualm does not testify for the defense, he is, in essence, discriminating against the defendant because of his socioeconomic status, and the ideological foundation for his trial. Although the case does not designate the race of either Dr. Qualm or Herman Beastly, Mr. Beastly is accused of raping and murdering a young female; and therefore, his social (and sexual) orientation is also on trial while incarcerated awaiting the outcome throughout the trial.